Term
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Definition
| written procedure for assessing, tx, and transporting a Pt. Generally written by a team of emergency care professionals and managed by a medical director. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of rules, regs, and ethical considerations that define the extent, boundaries and limitations of a prehospital provider's duties. |
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Term
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Definition
| practices used by health care workers to protect themselves from exposure tobodily fluids based on the assumption that all Pt are potentially infectious. |
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Term
| 5 ways infectious diseases are transmitted? |
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Definition
direct contact
indirect contact
airbourne
ingestion
vector-bourne |
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Term
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Definition
IC
operations
planning
logistics
finance/admin |
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Term
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Definition
IC
public info officer
safety officer
liaison officer |
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Term
ICS
What does the planning section do |
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Definition
collect, assess, distribute, and uses incident related data.
Coordinates prep of IAP and other docs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ICS
what does the operations section do? |
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Definition
| execute the strategies of the IAP |
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Term
ICS
what does the logistics section do? |
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Definition
| support for all the functional areas. |
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Term
ICS
what does the finance/admin section do? |
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Definition
| financial mngt, accountability, and admin services. |
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Term
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Definition
immediate (red)
delayed (yellow)
minimal (green)
expectant (black/grey) |
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Term
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Definition
triage
sort
assess
lifesaving interventions
Tx/transport |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple Triage And Rapid Transport |
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Term
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Definition
assessment for START triage system
30 respirations per minute, cap refill of 2 seconds (radial pulse, pink warm skin), and ability to follow simple commands |
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Term
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Definition
| a rank structure for mngt |
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Term
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Definition
| any primary work area in or around an incident in which incident-related activities are planned, organized, directed, or conducted |
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Term
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Definition
multiagency coordination system
managing an incident with multiple agencies that have different command structures and comms |
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Term
| personnel accountability system |
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Definition
| a system readily identifies both the locations and the function of all members at an incident scene |
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Term
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Definition
| the head of the functional areas |
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Term
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Definition
the total # of individuals or resources supervised by a single personal.
3-7
5 is optimal |
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Term
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Definition
ST - a group of resources of the same size of type that is managed by a strike team leader
TF - a combo of different resources with common comms that is managed by a task force leader |
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Term
| Pt moves withOUT spinal protection |
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Definition
extremity lift
direct ground lift
BEAN/bridge lift |
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Term
| Pt moves WITH spinal protection |
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Definition
draw-sheet, plastic slider, or flat transfer lift
log roll |
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Term
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Definition
urgent moves!
shoulder drag
feet drag
blanket drag
underarm-wrist drag |
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Term
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Definition
human crutch
2-person assist
chair carry
fore-and-aft carry |
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Term
common equipment to move, lift, or carry a Pt
(8) |
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Definition
backboard/long spine board
portable stretcher
scoop stretcher
wheeled ambulance stretcher
basket/stokes stretcher
sitting lifting device
improvised litters
toboggan or sled |
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Term
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Definition
1) proper position
2) comfortable
3) securely fastened
4) all necessary medical equipment is transported with the Pt |
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Term
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Definition
1) scene size-up
2) primary Pt assessment
3) Hx
4) secondary Pt assessment
5) re-assessment |
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Term
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Definition
CABD is for major bleed
CAB for unresponsive patient |
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Term
| How often to check vitals? |
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Definition
Critical/unstable Pt - 5 minutes
stable Pt - 15 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure of blood on the interior walls of the arteries |
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Term
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Definition
trauma- related injuries:
Deformity; Contusions; Abrasions and Avulsions; Punctures and Penetrations; Burns, Bleeding, and Bruises; Tenderness; Lacerations; and Swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal extensions of the arms and legs, downward pointing of the toes, and arching of the head duetoan injury to the brain at the level of the brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal flexing of the arms, clenching of the fists, and extending of the legs; due to an injury along the nerve pathway between the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| initial finding based on the Pt C/C, scene size-up, MOI/NOI, and Pt. initial appearance |
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Term
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Definition
PAIN
onset
provocation/palliation
quality
radiation
severity
time |
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Term
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Definition
med Hx
signs/symptoms
allergies
medications
past medical Hx
last oral intake
events prior |
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Term
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Definition
sign - measured by responder
symptom - reported by Pt. |
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Term
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Definition
hazards, environment, mechanism, Pts/people
body substance isolation, condition of Pt |
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Term
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Definition
adult: 10-15 seconds
child: 5-10 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| inflation of the stomach with air; can lead to vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hypovolemic
cardiogenic
distributive
obstructive |
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Term
hypovolemic shock
(+ 2 types) |
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Definition
decrease in circulating blood volume
Hemorrhagic - bleeding
non-hermorrhagic - dehydration, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| heart cannot adequately pump blood, poor cardiac output |
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Term
distributive shock
+ 3 subtypes |
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Definition
occurs when blood vessels lose their ability to constrict appropriately
anaphylactic shock
septic shock
neurogenic shock |
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Term
obstructive shock
+ most common causes |
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Definition
when a blockage prevents oxygenated blood from reaching vital organs.
causes:
tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, and pulmonary embolism |
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Term
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Definition
1. pump failure
2. failure of blood vessels to respond properly
3. low fluid volume |
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Term
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Definition
fainting
loss of consciousness from lack of blood flow, sudden, resulting from temp. dilation of bodys veins and pooling of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of distributive shock that is caused by disruptions of the CNS, most often most a spinal cord injury |
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Term
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Definition
| a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| a respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute in adults |
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Term
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Definition
alcohol and acidosis
epilepsy, environment, electrolytes
insulin
oxygen and overdose
uremia
trauma, tumours, TIA, thirst
infection
poisoning and psychiatric condition
seizure, stroke, sleep, and syncope |
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Term
| 4 conditions associated with altered mental status |
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Definition
epilepsy
seizures
diabetes mellitus
stroke |
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Term
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Definition
Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination
facial palsy
arm weakness
speech changes
time
eye deviation
denial/neglect |
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Term
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Definition
a sudden, temp loss of mental awareness and physcial activity lasting a few seconds to several minutes
petit mal seizure |
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Term
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Definition
| a spasmodic jerking of muscles during a seizure |
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Term
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Definition
| a seizure consisting of the sufefen onset of unresponsiveness, tonic contraction of muscles, loss of postural control, and a cry caused by contraction of respiratory muscles that forces exhalation; clonic contractions of muscles occur, followed by a period of somnolence |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive thirst and fluid intake |
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Term
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Definition
| general stiffening of the muscles, as in a seizure |
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Term
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Definition
salivation
lacrimation (tearing)
urination
defecation
GI irritation (vomiting)
eye constriction (pupils)
miosis/muscle twitching |
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Term
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Definition
defecation
uirnation
miosis (pupils constrict)/muscle weakness
bronchorrhea (mucus in airways)
emesis (vomiting)
lacrimation (tearing)
salivation |
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Term
| what does air consist of? |
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Definition
78% N
21% O2
1% other gases |
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Term
| does oxygen or carbon dioxide control breathing? |
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Definition
| CO2 - low pH from carbonic acid increases rate & depth of breathing |
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Term
| 4 terms to describe breathing |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 ways to remove airway obstructions |
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Definition
finger sweep
suction
gravity and positioning
abdominal thrusts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
decreased resp rate
adults < 10 breathspm |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary contraction of bronchioles |
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Term
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Definition
| a "crackling" feel of the skin of thechest that is detected by palpation; caused by the presence of air trapped beneath the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| difficult or laboured breathing accompanied by feeling short of breath |
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Term
| hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) |
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Definition
| abnormally low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased amount of oxygen reaching the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
pleural space in the potential space thatlies within the pleura covering the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest wall
pleura - thin transparent membrane covering the outside of the lungs andthe inside of the chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal collection of air within the pleural space |
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Term
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Definition
infant 20 - 60
child 15 - 30
adult 12 - 20 |
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Term
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Definition
protein produced by (immune) mast cells
caused local and peripheral edema, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, hives, itching, and pain
primary culprit of hypersensitivites/anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling that occurs beneath the skin or mucosa because of an allergic rxn |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hives or rashes that accompany an allergic rxn |
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Term
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Definition
heart cannot adequately pump blood tothe tissues, causing blood to back up into major blood vessels that lead to the heart and certain organs
right sided CHF - pulmonary edema
left side CHF - pedal edema |
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Term
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Definition
chest pain/discomfort caused by ischemia of the myocardium. Or cause by vasoconstriction/spasm or coronary artery.
Tx - nitroglycerin |
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Term
| acute myocardial infarction |
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Definition
blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries leading to ischemic death of myocardium
(left main coronary artery = widowmaker) |
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Term
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Definition
heart stops pumping effectively due to arrhythmia:
ventricular fibrillation(VF) - shockable
ventricular tachycardia (VT) - shockable
asystole |
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Term
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Definition
| gasping breaths that occur when the heart has stopped |
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Term
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Definition
1. recognition/early activation EMS
2. CPR
3. rapid AED
4. BLS/EMS
5. ALS/post arrest care |
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Term
| ventricular assist device (VAD) |
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Definition
pump that is implanted and helps the failing heart
Pt. will present differently - cant take pulse, difficult to take blood pressure, pulse-ox wont work, likely blood thinners, VT/VF not obvious
YOU NEED HELP!
you can still do CPR/AED, might damage device |
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Term
| causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy |
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Definition
ectopic pregnancy
miscarriage
placenta previa
postpartum hemorrhage
trauma (uterine rupture, abruptio placentae, amniotic sac rupture) |
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Term
| preeclampsia and ecclampsia |
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Definition
pre: pregnancy induced hypertensions, toxemis, blood pressure > 140/90, edema face hands
eclampsia: when it leads to seizures |
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Term
| when to start chest compressions on infant |
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Definition
HR < 60 bpm
HR 60 - 100 bpm despite adeqaute ventilation w/ supO2 for 30 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace or irritability
Activity or muscle tone
Respirations
Used to evaluate newborn status |
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Term
| hypovolemic shock specific consideration for pregnant person |
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Definition
| A pregnant person may lose 30-35% of their blood volume before showing signs of shock - fetus already in shock |
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Term
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Definition
| fecal stool in amniotic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
impact/blunt injury
penetrating trauma
rotational injury
crush injury
blast injury |
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Term
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Definition
| a combo oninjuries commonly seen in a Pt. based on the mechanism of injury |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of blood that has leaked from a blood vesseland is confined to a localized area within the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
abrasion (scrape, road rash)
incision (cut w/ smooth edge)
laceration (cut with tear or crush)
avulsion (seperation of soft-tissue layers)
amputation
puncture
open crush injury
high-pressure injection
mechanical tattooing (foreign debris in wound) |
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Term
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Definition
1st degree
red, no blisters
affect epidermis, significant pain |
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Term
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Definition
2nd degree burn
blisters, wet apperance
affects epidermis and dermis
intense pain |
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Term
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Definition
3rd degree: charred or white, dry, epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissues
4th degree: black, affects muscle andbone
no pain |
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Term
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Definition
used to estimate the surface area affected by burns. 11 sections:
head, R/L back, R/L arm, R/L trunk, Upper/lower L leg, upper/lower R leg - each 9% of body surface + groin =1%
for infants head is 18% and legs are 13.5% each
for children head is 12% and legs are 16.5% each |
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Term
| signs of life-threatening bleeding |
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Definition
blood spurting
blood that won't stop
blood pooling on the ground
clothing that is soaked with blood
bandages that are soaked with blood
loss of all or part of extremity
bleeding Pt. confused or unconscious |
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Term
| basic guidelines for tourniquet |
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Definition
> 2 inches wide
> 2 inches proximal from the wound
> 3 inches from a joint |
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Term
| care for lightning strike |
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Definition
use spinal precautions (jaw thrust and SMR)
CPR and AED
for multiple victims use reverse triage - care for cardian/resp arrest |
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Term
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Definition
< 10ya or > 65ya
more than one body part
head, neck, hands, feet, genitals, or major joints
inhalation injury or burn
difficulty breathing/hoarseness
chemical or electrical burns
partical thickness > 10%
fullthickness burns
serious underlying medical issues
special social, emotional, or physical needs
radioactive |
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Term
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Definition
| a sharp bend in a broken bone; a borken bone that is visibly crooked |
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Term
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Definition
| an event in which a joint partially dislocates and returns to its normal anatomical position |
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Term
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Definition
the amount of force required to straighten a limb and keep it in allignment.
femur tpically 10% of body weight ~15lbs |
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Term
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Definition
strain - muscle/tendon
sprain - ligament |
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Term
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Definition
linear - single non-displaced fracture
depressed - comminuted fracture with displacement, soft spot
basilar - base of skull - battle sign
open |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(temp)unresponsiveness
altered mental status
headache
nausea, vomiting
slurred speech
pupils dilate or unresponsive or unequal
rise is Systolic, widened pulse pressure
slow pulse
lucid
leakage of CSF from ears, nose, wounds
slow/irregular respirations
amnesia
dizziness
seizure
incontinence
numbness, tingling, paralysis of extremities
posturing
paralysis
raccoon eyes
battle sign |
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Term
| vital signs TBI with increased intracranial pressure |
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Definition
increased systolic
decreased diastolic
tachypnea
bradycardia |
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Term
| when is spinal motion restriction required |
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Definition
MOI & + exam findings
MOI & altered mental status
+ physical findings
MOI & distracting injury (can't properly assess)
unresponsive Pt. in unwitnessed trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory of events that occurred after a traumatic event to the brain; inability to recall new information |
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Term
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Definition
| a TBI in which a buildup of blood occurs btw the dura mater and the skull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| air-filled bubbles that are palpable underneath the skin, indicating an injury to an airway structure |
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Term
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Definition
| unequal size of the pupils |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden onset cardiac death due to blunt chest trauma without any observable chest or cardiac damage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
chest assessment
Look
Auscultate (listen)
Palpate |
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Term
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Definition
| the accumulation of pressurized air within the pleural space; causes the displacement of the great vessels, tracheal deviation, distention of the jugular veins, and compression of the other lung |
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Term
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Definition
| an injury to the pelvis and internal organs btw the genitals and anus that results when a Pt forcefully straddles a fixed objects |
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Term
| when does shivering cease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a continued drop in core body temp after removal from exposure to the cold |
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Term
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Definition
| 8,000 to 12,000 above sea level. Altitude sickness is most likely to occur within this range of elevation. |
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Term
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Definition
| serious medical problem cause bya rapid ascent during which a diver holds their breath. Gas within the lungs expands and alveoli rupture |
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Term
| pediatric assessment triangle |
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Definition
appearance
work of breathing
circulation of skin |
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Term
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Definition
infants 50-95 mmHg
children 80-110 mmHg |
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Term
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Definition
unfused structure between the bones of the skull of a newborn that allow expansion of the growing brain
closed by ~18mo |
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