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183
Medical
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02/15/2011

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Term
TART at C2 on the left can reflect a viscerosomatic reflex from...
Definition
vagus nerve
Term
How does restriction of motion END FEEL for a viscerosomatic reflex SD differ from that of a structural SD?
Definition
tends to be more rubbery vs. firm
Term
VS Reflex: HEENT/Neck sympathetics?
Definition
T1-4 bilateral
Term
VS Reflex: HEENT/Neck parasympathetics?
Definition
CN V, C0, C1, C2
Term
VS Reflex: T1-5 (Left>Right)?
Definition
Cardiac, sympathetics
Term
VS Reflex: Cardiac parasympathetics?
Definition
C0, C1, C2
Term
VS Reflex: T2 on the L is specific for...
Definition
an MI
Term
VS Reflex: Pulmonary sympathetics?
Definition
T1-4 bilateral
Term
Sympathetics from T1-4 go to which major parts?
Definition
HEENT/neck, cardiac (+T5), pulmonary
Term
The “asthma reflex” is...
Definition
T2 LEFT
Term
Vagal stimulation can exacerbate
_________; don’t treat C2
during a ____________.
Definition
bronchospasm, acute asthma attack
Term
VS Reflex: Pulmonary parasympathetics?
Definition
C0, C1, C2
Term
GI Tract sympathetics: ___ to ____
Definition
T3 to L2
Term
VS Reflex: Esophagus sympathetics?
Definition
T3-T6 Right
Term
VS Reflex: GI parasympathetics?
Definition
C0, C1, C2 up to transverse colon, S2-S4 (pelvic splanchics) transverse colon to anus
Term
VS Reflex: T5-T10 L?
Definition
stomach, sympathetics
Term
VS Reflex: duodenum sympathetics?
Definition
T6-T8 right
Term
VS Reflex: T9-12 R?
Definition
appendix, sympathetics
Term
VS Reflex: Liver and gall bladder sympathetics?
Definition
T6-9 R
Term
VS Reflex: T5-T9 bilateral?
Definition
pancreas
Term
VS Reflex: Spleen sympathetics?
Definition
T7-9 L
Term
VS Reflex: T8-10 bilateral?
Definition
Small intestine, sympathetics
Term
VS Reflex: Colon and rectum?
Definition
T10-L2, ascending - right, descending - left
Term
VS Reflex: T9-L1 bilateral?
Definition
Kidneys, sympathetics
Term
VS Reflex: Kidney parasympathetics?
Definition
C0, C1, C2
Term
VS Reflex: Ureters and bladder sympathetics?
Definition
T10-L2
Term
VS Reflex: Ureters and bladder parasympathetics?
Definition
S2-S4
Term
VS Reflex: Prostate sympathetics?
Definition
T10-L2
Term
VS Reflex: Prostate parasympathetics?
Definition
S2-S4
Term
VS Reflex: T9-T11?
Definition
Gonads and fallopian tubes, sympathetics
Term
VS Reflex: Fallopian tubes parasympathetics?
Definition
S2-S4
Term
VS Reflex: Uterus and cervix sympathetics?
Definition
T10-L1
Term
VS Reflex: Uterus and cervix paraympathetics?
Definition
S2-S4
Term
What is a Chapman point?
Definition
Small points of increased tenderness and sensitivity found in the deep fascial
layers that correlate with increased sympathetic tone to a particular area of
the body.
Term
Describe the qualities of a Chapman point
Definition
Small, smooth, firm, 2 to 3 mm
Term
Chapman Point - adrenals?
Definition
1 inch lateral, 2 inches superior to umbilicus
Term
Chapman Point - kidneys?
Definition
1 inch lateral and 1 inch superior to umbilicus
Term
Chapman Point - umbilical area/intertransverse space of T12/L1 and L1/L2?
Definition
bladder
Term
Chapman Point - T8-10 bilateral R>L?
Definition
small intestine
Term
Chapman Point - appendix?
Definition
T12 right, tip of 12th rib
Term
Chapman Point - Cecum and ascending colon?
Definition
T12-L1 right
Term
Chapman Point - L2-3 Left?
Definition
Descending colon
Term
Chapman Point - iliotibial band?
Definition
colon
Term
Chapman Point - Pancreas?
Definition
Lateral to costal cartilage b/w 7th & 8th ribs on right, btw TP of T7-8 Right
Term
Upper GI VS Reflex?
Definition
C2 Left, T3 Right, T5 Left, T7 Right
Term
Chapman Points - Right side, under costal cartilages of ribs 5, 6 and 7?
Definition
Liver, Liver and Gall Bladder, Pancreas
Term
Chapman Points - Left side, under costal cartilages of ribs 5, 6 and 7?
Definition
Stomach Acid, Stomach Peristalsis, Spleen
Term
Chapman Point - urethra?
Definition
Anterior: myofascial tissues along the superior margin of the pubic ramus about 2cm lateral to the symphysis
Term
Chapman Reflex - Prostate?
Definition
Anterior: myofascial tissues along the posterior margin of the iliotibial band
Term
Chapman Point - Bronchial?
Definition
Anterior: Intercostal space b/w 2nd and 3rd ribs close to the sternum
Posterior: Midway b/w SP and the tips of the TP at T2
Term
Chapman Point - Anterior: Intercostal space b/w 3rd and 4th ribs close to the sternum
Posterior: Midway b/w the SP and the tips of the TP of T3 and T4
Definition
Upper lung
Term
Chapman Point - Lower lung?
Definition
Anterior: Intercostal space b/w the 4th and 5th ribs close to the sternum
Posterior: Midway b/w the SP and the tips of the TP of T4 and T5
Term
What is the purpose of treating Chapman points?
Definition
Decrease sympathetic tone
Term
Where are the anterior CS points for the cervical spine (C2-6)?
Definition
Anterior surface of transverse processes; not on the SCM but process of the vertebral segment
(C2-C6) SCM crosses this line of these points
Term
Where are the posterior CS points for the cervical spine (C2-6)?
Definition
Either side of the SP of the vert ABOVE the one with the SD
Term
Posterior CS point and treatment for C1?
Definition
inion, flex
Term
Posterior CS treatment for C2-C7, except C3?
Definition
Extend and SARA (C4-7 off the table)
Term
Posterior CS treatment for C3?
Definition
flex and STRAW
Term
Anterior CS point and treatment for C1?
Definition
Rotate away
Term
Anterior CS treatment for C3?
Definition
Flex and STRAW
Term
Anterior CS treatment for C2-C8, except C7?
Definition
Flex and SARA
Term
Anterior CS treatment for C7?
Definition
Flex and STRAW
Term
For the posterior cervical CS points, IN GENERAL, what is the treatment?
Definition
Extend and SARA
Term
For the anterior cervical CS points, IN GENERAL, what is the treatment?
Definition
Flex and SARA
Term
For posterior cervical CS point treatment, which is the "exception" vert? Which is the "exception vert" for anterior CS points? What is the treatment for these?
Definition
Post- C3, Ant - C7, Flex and STRAW
Term
CS point for supraspinatus?
Definition
Within the muscle belly
Term
CS point for subscapularis?
Definition
anterolateral surface of scapula
Term
CS point for biceps brachii?
Definition
tendon of long head in bicipital groove
Term
CS point for rectus femoris?
Definition
musculotendinous region and distal end, above patella
Term
CS point for gastrocnemius?
Definition
muscle bellies of both heads of the muscle
Term
Describe the Adson test and positive findings.
Definition
The radial pulse is palpated, rotate and extend the head away from the side of the complaint. The patient inhales and holds the breath. Repeated with the patient rotating and extending the head toward the side of the complaint. Positive - radial pulse decrease or disappear. Indicates TOS.
Term
Describe the Spurlung test and positive findings.
Definition
Compressive force from top of head thru axial spine, done in neutral, SB left and SB right, positive - radiating symptoms down arm into hand, indicates cervical nerve root impingement
Term
The Apley scratch test determines the ranges of what types of motion?
Definition
int rotation, abduction and adduction
Term
Describe the apprehension/relocation tests and positive findings.
Definition
Elbow flexed to 90 and humerus abducted to 90, brought to passive external rotation. Positive - pt becomes anxious with ext rotation. Relocation - relief. Indicates anterior GH laxity.
Term
Describe the empty can test and positive findings.
Definition
GH joint abducted to 90, flexed to 30, int rotated to 90, pt resists downward force on forearm. Positive - inability to resist, pain at greater tuberosity of humerus, indicates supraspinatous tendonitis or tear
Term
Describe the Hawkins test and positive findings.
Definition
GH abducted to 90, forward flexion to 30, elbow flexed to 90, int rotated. Positive - pain, indicates impingement of rotator cuff tendons (usually supraspinatus)
Term
Describe the Neer signs and positive findings.
Definition
Elbow extended, GH int rotated, passive full flexion. Positive - pain, impingement of rotator cuff tendons (usually supraspinatus)
Term
Describe the Speed test and positive findings.
Definition
Elbow extended, palm up, pt resists flexion. Positive - pain, indicates tendonitis of long head of biceps or possible labral injury
Term
Describe the sulcus sign.
Definition
Downward traction on arm at the elbow, positive - sulcus below the glenoid, indicates inferior GH laxity
Term
Describe Yergason's test and positive findings.
Definition
Elbow flex to 90, pt resists while you bring GH joint to ext rotation and pull inferiorly. Positive - popping or snapping of bicipital groove, indicates laxity of transverse humeral ligament. Pain without snapping bicipital tendonitis.
Term
Describe the Finkelstein test and positive findings.
Definition
Pt makes fist, thumb tucked inside, actively move wrist into ulnar deviation. Positive - pain on radial side, indicates tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis
brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons
(de Quervain syndrome/tenosynovitis)
Term
Describe the Phalen test and positive findings.
Definition
Pt places dorsal aspect of both wrists together, hold for 1 min. Positive - tingling along distribution of medial nerve - lateral 3 1/2 digits, indicates carpal tunnel
Term
Describe the Tinel sign and positive findings.
Definition
Tapping over transverse carpal ligament. Positive - pain and tingling over median nerve distribution. Indicates carpal tunnel
Term
A positive anterior drawer test indicates...
Definition
a torn ACL
Term
Do you sidebend toward the convexity or concavity?
Definition
Concavity
Term
the maintenance of a pool of neurons in a state of partial or subthreshold excitation is called...
Definition
facilitation
Term
AA joint major motion is ____, minor is _____.
Definition
Rotation, flexion/extension
Term
For C2-C7, rotation and sidebending occur to the same side when the spine is in...
Definition
neutral, flexed or extended positions
Term
The spine and inferior angle of the scapula are at which levels?
Definition
T3 and T7
Term
The sternal notch, sternal angle and xiphoid process are at which levels?
Definition
T2, T4, T9
Term
Thoracic major motion is _______. The least motion occurs in ________.
Definition
Rotation, extension
Term
How does the thoracic kyphosis change during inhalation and exhalation?
Definition
Flattens with inhalation, increases with exhalation
Term
Rib humping occurs on the side of the...
Definition
convexity
Term
Scoliosis is named for the side of the...
Definition
convexity
Term
Curve is scoliotic if greater than...
Definition
10 degrees
Term
Scoliosis generally requires surgery if the angle exceeds...
Definition
50 degrees
Term
A heel lift might correct a _____ curve, but it will not correct a ______ curve.
Definition
functional, structural
Term
The second rib articulates with the superior portion of which vertebral body?
Definition
T2
Term
What is special about the tubercle of the rib?
Definition
articulates with the transverse process
Term
Which ribs ONLY articulate with the corresponding vertebra?
Definition
1, 10, 11, 12
Term
Which ribs have no neck or tubercle and thus no costotransverse articulations?
Definition
11, 12
Term
Which are the false ribs?
Definition
8-10
Term
Describe pump handle motion.
Definition
■ Predominantly found in upper ribs.
■ Anterior aspects of ribs move upward during inspiration.
■ Increases anterior-posterior diameter of thorax.
Term
Describe bucket handle motion.
Definition
■ Predominantly found in lower ribs.
■ Lateral aspects of the ribs move upward with inspiration.
■ Increases transverse diameter of thorax.
Term
Describe Caliper or Pincer motion.
Definition
■ Ribs 11 and 12
■ External rotation with inspiration
Term
For rib respiration restrictions, where is the key rib?
Definition
BITE: Bottom Inhaled, Top Exhaled.
Term
The right crus of the diaphragm is attached to which vertebral bodies?
Definition
L1-L3
Term
The left crus of the diaphragm is attached to which vertebral bodies?
Definition
L1-L2
Term
Venal caval hiatus, esophageal hiatus and aortic hiatus are located at which levels?
Definition
T8, 10, 12
Term
Maximal motion in lumbar spine occurs in...
Definition
flexion/extension
Term
Multifidus causes rotation to the _____ side.
Definition
opposite
Term
Supraspinatus, deltoid (middle portion) accomplish which action on the GH joint?
Definition
Abduction
Term
Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor accomplish which action at the GH joint?
Definition
adduction
Term
Pectoralis major, deltoid (anterior portion), coraco-brachialis, biceps brachii accomplish which motion at the GH joint?
Definition
Flexion
Term
Deltoid (posterior portion), teres major, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii accomplish which motion at the GH joint?
Definition
extension
Term
Subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid accomplish which motion at the GH joint?
Definition
Internal rotation
Term
Infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoid accomplish which motion at the GH joint?
Definition
External rotation
Term
What are typical carrying angles for women and men?
Definition
women - 10-12, men - 5
Term
Describe motion for the thoracic segment.
Definition
Rotation> SB> Flexion> Extension
Term
Which muscle(s) are used for ME of 1st rib?
Definition
Ant and middle scalene
Term
Which muscle(s) are used for ME of 2nd rib?
Definition
posterior scalene
Term
Which muscle(s) are used for ME of ribs 3-5?
Definition
Pec minor
Term
Which muscle(s) are used for ME of ribs 6-9?
Definition
Serratus anterior
Term
Which muscle(s) are used for ME of ribs 10-11?
Definition
Latissimus dorsi
Term
Which muscle(s) are used for ME of 12th rib?
Definition
Quadratus lumborum
Term
Sympathetic the esophagus?
Definition
T2-8 or T3-6 depending on who you ask
Term
What are the sympathetics levels to the upper extremities?
Definition
T2-8
Term
Where is the ideal center of gravity in relation to L3 and S2?
Definition
Middle of L3, 5 cm anterior to S2
Term
What are the degree ranges for mild, moderate and severe scoliosis?
Definition
5-15, 20-45, >50
Term
5 degree ATR usually correlates to what Cobb angle? If your patient has this, what should he do?
Definition
10-12, follow up in 6 mo
Term
7 degree ATR angle correlates with what Cobb angle? If your patient has this, what should be do?
Definition
>20, referral to specialist
Term
Gait cycle = 1 _____ = 2 _____
Definition
stride, steps
Term
What is the average width of stride?
Definition
2-4"
Term
What is the average step length? Average stride length?
Definition
15", 30"
Term
What is the normal foot angle?
Definition
20-25 degrees
Term
What is the normal cadence?
Definition
90-120 steps/min
Term
What phase makes up 60% of the gait cycle?
Definition
Stance phase
Term
The center of gravity oscillates no more than ___cm vertically during walking.
Definition
5
Term
Lateral displacement of pelvis and trunk is approximately ___cm to weight-bearing side
Definition
2
Term
The pelvis side that corresponds to the forward foot rotates ___ degree anteriorly
Definition
40
Term
What is the relationship of ilium rotation to the motion of the leg?
Definition
Ilium rotates opposite to the motion of the leg
Term
Gait with weak dorsiflexors of the foot such as L5 Radiculopathy or peroneal neuropathy causes which sort of gait?
Definition
steppage gait
Term
What sort of gait does this describe:
“Extensor Synergies”
- Hip extension & Internal rotation
- Knee extension
- Plantar Flexion & foot inversion
Definition
Hemiplegic gait
Term
Your right foot is messed up. Which hand do you hold a cane with?
Definition
Left
Term
Describe positioning for supraspinatous CS.
Definition
The patient's arm is flexed to approximately 45 degrees, abducted approximately 45 degrees.
The physician externally rotates the arm.
Term
Describe CS treatment for infraspinatus.
Definition
Flex the shoulder to approximately 150 degrees.
The physician then internally rotates and abducts the shoulder.
Term
Where are the true thoracics?
Definition
T5-9
Term
The iliofemoral ligament is __ shaped and tenses with _______, preventing hyper_______.
Definition
Y, extension, extension
Term
Ant or Post dislocation of the acetabulum is more common? Does this occur with flexion or extension?
Definition
post, flexion
Term
Which artery may prevent avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
Definition
acetabular branch of the obturator artery
Term
What is the Q angle?
Definition
Angle between functional longitudinal axis of femur and tibial longitudinal axis
Term
What is a normal Q angle?
Definition
Normal – 10° to 12° (Abnormal > 20°)
Term
What are the names for increased or decreased Q angles?
Definition
Increased angle → genu valgus, Decreased angle → genu varus
Term
What is the angle of inclination? What is the normal value?
Definition
Angle between anatomic longitudinal axis and axis of femoral neck, 120-135
Term
What is coxa valgus?
Definition
Coxa Valgus (↑ angle of inclination)
>135 degrees
Term
What is coxa varus?
Definition
Coxa Varus (↓ angle of inclination)
<120 degrees
Term
What is the angle of anteversion?
Definition
Angle between condyles of distal femur in transverse plane and axis of femoral neck
Term
What is a normal angle of anteversion? What are increased and decreased angles called?
Definition
12-15, increased is toe-in gait, decreased is toe-out gait
Term
What is the strongest flexor of the thigh? What are its components and innervations?
Definition
Iliopsoas. Composition
Iliacus – femoral n.
Psoas major – L2-L4 roots
Psoas minor – L1 root
Term
The iliotibial band is associated with which visceral dysfunction?
Definition
bowel dysfunction
Term
What are the origins of the sciatic nerve?
Definition
L4-S3
Term
What is the test for gross hip joint motion?
Definition
FABERE
Flexion
ABduction
External Rotation
Extension
Term
What is Ober's test?
Definition
Assessment for contracture of iliotibial band or tensor fascia latae
Term
Lasegue’s Test - what is it?
Definition
tests for sciatic nerve pain, dorsiflexion of foot after positive straight leg rising test
Term
When is a Trendelenburg test considered positive?
Definition
Considered positive if pelvis tilts toward side of flexed knee
Term
What is the "terrible triad?"
Definition
Compromise of ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
Commonly induced by valgus force on the knee
Term
The distal tibiofibular joint is what kind of joint?
Definition
Syndesmosis
Term
What is Chondromalacia patellae?
Definition
Wearing or roughening of posterior articular surface
Typically due to chronic changes secondary to overuse
Term
What is Patellofemoral syndrome? What are some causes?
Definition
Improper tracking of patella
Multiple causes
Increased Q angle
Weakness of vastus medialis
Overuse, especially in runners
Associated with pain syndrome
Term
What is Lachman's test?
Definition
Integrity assessment of ACL
Knee flexed to 30°
Dr pushes femur posterior while pulling tibia anterior
Considered positive with excessive anterior glide
More sensitive
Term
What is McMurray's test?
Definition
Assessment for medial & lateral meniscal tears
Term
What are Apley's tests for the knees?
Definition
Compression for torn mesiscus and traction for torn ligaments, both with rotation.
Term
What are the medial ankle ligaments?
Definition
Tibionavicular (anterior)
Tibiocalcaneal (middle)
Posterior tibiotalar (posterior)
Anterior tibiotalar (deep)
Term
Which is the weight bearing arch of the foot?
Definition
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Term
Which is the spring arch of the foot?
Definition
the medial longitudinal arch
Term
Decribe pes planus
Definition
Longitudinal & transverse arches fall
Talocalcaneal joint axis more horizontal
Tarsal somatic dysfunction
Navicular prominence on medial side of foot
Term
Describe pes cavus
Definition
Arches rise
Axis more vertical
Navicular less prominent
Term
Describe a 2nd degree sprain
Definition
Partial tearing (slight laxity)
Usually no need for surgery
Term
What percentage of ankle sprains are inversion sprains? Which ligaments are involved in Type I, II and III?
Definition
Ligament Involvement
Anterior talofibular ligament (I)
Calcaneofibular ligament (I, II)
Posterior talofibular ligament (I, II, III)
Term
What is Ludloff sign?
Definition
Ecchimosis in the femoral triangle indicates possible hip fracture
Term
What is Hoover's test?
Definition
Good test to spot malingering patients!
Hold patients heels and instruct to lift one leg
Should feel counter-force upon effort in other hand
If not, they’re not trying
Term
Piriformis muscle is innervated by...
Definition
L5-S2
Term
What part of the diaphragm is innervated by spinal nerves from T7 to T12 (sensory)?
Definition
Periphery
(from Body Wall Mesoderm)
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