Term
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Definition
| Farsighted - Eye is short so rays focus behind the retina. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearsighted - Eye is long so rays focus in front of the retina. |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of acute angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by a hazy cornea with halos in vision? |
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Definition
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Term
| What classes are drugs can be used to treat acute angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
| Alpha agonists, Beta blockers, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Prostaglandin analogs and parasympathomimetics. |
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Term
| Which condition is the most common cause of acute vision reduction and is associated with painful rapid vision loss with color loss being more severe than acuity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by sudden, profound, painless unilateral vision loss and has a cherry red spot on the macula? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which condition has painless, rapid, monocular vision loss and appears on fundoscopy as blood and thunder fundus with cotton wool spots in all 4 quadrants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is CRVO called in younger patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by sudden, unilateral painless, visual field defects and has tortuous retina veins and cotton wool spots on fundoscopy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition results in sudden, unilateral, painless, partial loss of vision, w/visual field defects? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which condition is associated with Acute vision loss, Dyschromatopsia, Headache, fever, malaise, scalp tenderness, weight loss, jaw claudication, amaurosis fugax, diplopia, PMRheum(joint pains), and eye pain? |
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Definition
| Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis |
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Term
| What condition is described by: acute onset of photopsias, floaters, “shade” “cob web”, shadow or curtain across the visual field, decreased vision, may be asymptomatic, Signs: clear subretinal fluid that doesn’t move with body position, “tobacco-dust”pigment cells in the vitreous, vitreous hemorrhage |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major difference to determining a serous/exudative retinal detachment from a normal one? |
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Definition
| The fluid will move with changes in head position with a serous/exudative RD. |
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Term
| What condition is characterized by Temporary loss of vision in one eye/both eyes due to a block of blood flow to the retina, Seconds to minutes, usually reversible, “shade” or “curtain” coming down |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by Destruction of corneal tissue(epithelium/stroma) by inflammation from infection? |
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Definition
| Corneal ulcer AKA Infectious Keratitis |
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Term
| What condition is common secondary to a URI or sinusitis and leads to symptoms of periorbital swelling, reduced ocular motility and proptosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which condition is characterized by severe pain and foreign body sensation in the eye and has a history of mild trauma to the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment regimen for corneal abrasions and corneal foreign bodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment regimen for an Intraocular FB? |
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Definition
| Protective shield and Vancomycin to cover Pseudomonas possibility |
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Term
| What condition is commonly seen in those with a History of welding or sunbathing and is seen as a dense punctate of the cornea on staining? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by blood collection in the anterior chamber and is an indicator of severity of trauma to the iris or ciliary body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is a Hyphema treated? |
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Definition
| Ophthalmologic consultation is mandatory and the eye is shielded and given cycloplegic agents twice a day. |
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Term
| Describe a direct and indirect orbital blow out fracture. |
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Definition
Direct = The orbital rim is involved and the swelling extends posteriorly.
Indirect = Compression of the soft tissue of the orbit and the orbital rim is not involved. |
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Term
| Describe the common signs and symptoms of a blow out fracture. |
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Definition
| Enopthalmos, numbness of the upper lip/cheek and restricted EOMs. |
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Term
| Which condition is seen with a Dendritic “tree branching” w/stain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which condition is characterized by a zoster rash on the forehead? |
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Definition
| Herpes zoster ophthalmicus |
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Term
| What condition is characterized by a severe, destructive, vision threatening condition that involves the deep episclera and sclera? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a positive Seidel's sign and what is it indicative of? |
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Definition
| bright stream of fluorescein as aqueous leaks from the wound, seen with a corneal laceration/perforation |
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Term
| Should you pressure patch a lacerated or perforated eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a common, benign orbital tumor in children that Appears as strawberry nevus if located in more external orbit or as a blue eyelid mass if deeper in orbit and is characterized by swelling and lid proptosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is a common, benign, painless, palpable, flesh colored mass that is composed of connective tissue and presents in or near the eye in early childhood and may slowly enlarge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common primary pediatric orbital malignancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by a very rapid onset of non-traumatic unilateral proptosis in kids under 15 with lid edema and possible lid discoloration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Most common intraocular malignancy in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by a tumor of the sensory retina that is usually diagnosed by age 5 and has symptoms of strabismus, decreased vision and an unusual light reflex in photos? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the three types of cataracts (Nuclear, Posterior subscapular and Cortical). |
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Definition
Nuclear = yellow/brown discoloration of the central part of the cataract.
Posterior subscapular = Opacities are near the posterior aspect of the lens.
Cortical = Spokelike opacities. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a lens subluxation and dislocation? |
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Definition
Sublux = partial disruption of the zonular fibers.
Dislocation = complete disruption of the zonular fibers. |
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Term
| What condition is characterized by quivering of the iris and lens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by painless loss of vision, sudden appearance of black spots, flashing lights, floaters and absent red reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Leading cause of blindness in the western world? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe each of the Diabetic manifestations of vision loss on fundoscopy (Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema) |
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Definition
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy = neovascularization, cotton wool spots and dot-blot hemorrhages.
Diabetic Macular Edema = Microaneurysms, dot-blot hemorrhages and exudates. |
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Term
| Describe how Hypertensive Retinopathy appears on fundoscopy. |
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Definition
| Diffuse arteriolar narrowing (copper-wire vessels), silver-wiring, AV nicking, cotton wool spots, microaneurysms and lipid exudates. |
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Term
| What is the most common severe infection involving the eye and is commonly seen with HIV/AIDS patients? |
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Definition
| Cytomegalovirus Retinitis (CMV retinitis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bilateral optic disc swelling |
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Term
| What condition is characterized by unilateral swollen optic disc, flame-shaped hemorrhages, optic disc pallor and sudden painless vision loss? |
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Definition
| Ischemic Optic Neuropathy |
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Term
| Briefly describe Argyll Robertson pupil. |
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Definition
| A small pupil that responds slowly or not at all to light but accommodation and convergence is retained. |
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Term
| Briefly describe Adie's tonic pupil. |
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Definition
| Dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light and normal to accommodation. |
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Term
| Briefly describe Marcus Gunn pupil. |
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Definition
| Light shone in the affected eye makes it dilate instead of constrict. |
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Term
| What is the most common type of eye turn, occurs in 1-2% of teh population? |
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Definition
| Esotropia (inward turning of the eye0 |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced vision that is not correctable with lenses (AKA "lazy eye"). |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Exudative Retinitis is characterized by the development of leaky retinal vessels that deposit exudates on the retina that usually occurs in the first decade of life. |
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Term
| How is Scleritis treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is a congenital cataract considered an emergency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology of flashes? |
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Definition
| Suggests traction of the vitreous on the retina. Results due to posterior vitreous detachment or vitreous pull on a retinal tear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of half the visual field. |
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Term
| Define Homonymous hemianopia. |
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Definition
| Visual field loss on the same side in both eyes. |
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