Term
| Which nerve is responsible for the muscles of facial expression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which artery is the blood supply to the muscles of facial expression? What is it a branch of? |
|
Definition
| facial artery, a branch of the external carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| Which are the muscles that are responsible for smiling? |
|
Definition
-zygomaticus(major and minor)
-levator anguli
-risorius |
|
|
Term
| What is the O and I of the buccinator? |
|
Definition
O-alveolar processes
I-skin and muscle tissue at angle of the mouth |
|
|
Term
| What do suprahyoid muscles do? |
|
Definition
-elevate the hyoid bone
-retract and depress the mandible
-chewing, swallowing, speech |
|
|
Term
| What are the suprahyoid muscles? |
|
Definition
-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid
-digastric
-stylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| Which of the suprahyoid muscles make up the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the infrahyoid muscles do? |
|
Definition
| stabilize the hyoid bone, prevent elevation |
|
|
Term
| What are the infrahyoid muscles? |
|
Definition
-thyrohyoid
-sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
-omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main neck muscles? |
|
Definition
-sternocleidomastoid
-trapezius |
|
|
Term
| What is the O, I, A and nerve of the sternocleidomastoid? |
|
Definition
O-sternum and clavicle
I-mastoid process of the temporal bone
A-tilts and rotates head
Nerve-accessory nerve(XI) |
|
|
Term
| What is the O, I, A, and nerve of the trapezius? |
|
Definition
O-occipital and vertebral bones
I-scapula, clavicle
A-rotates and elevates scapula(shoulder shrug)
nerve-accessory nerve(XI) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the blood supply to the tongue come from? |
|
Definition
| lingual artery, branch of external carotid |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves innervate the tongue? |
|
Definition
1.facial(anterior 1/3 taste)
2.glossopharyngeal(taste on posterior tongue)
3.hypoglossal(motor nerve)
4.trigeminal(taste to anterior tongue) |
|
|
Term
| Where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue start and end? What do they determine? |
|
Definition
| start and end in tongue, determine shape |
|
|
Term
| What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? |
|
Definition
-superior and inferior longitudinals
-transverse
-vertical |
|
|
Term
| What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue control? |
|
Definition
| the position of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? |
|
Definition
-hypoglossus
-stloglossus
-palatoglossus(X, XI)
-genioglossus |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 papillae of the tongue? |
|
Definition
1.circumvallate
2.filiform
3.fungiform
4.foliate |
|
|
Term
| How many circumvallate papllae are there? Where are they? |
|
Definition
| 8-12, anterior to the sulcus terminalis |
|
|
Term
| What do circumvallate papillae do? |
|
Definition
| contain taste buds and glands of von ebner(serous) |
|
|
Term
| What do filiform feel like? |
|
Definition
| keratinized tips give tongue velvety appearance |
|
|
Term
| Are filiform taste buds? How many are there? |
|
Definition
| not taste buds, most numerous type of papilla |
|
|
Term
| What do fungiform look like and what do they contain? |
|
Definition
| look like red bumps, contain taste buds |
|
|
Term
| Where are foliate papilla, what do they contain? |
|
Definition
-folds of tissue at posterior, lateral border
-contain taste buds |
|
|
Term
| What is the ventral side of the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sulcus terminalis? |
|
Definition
| V-shaped line seperating the posteior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 |
|
|
Term
| What is the foramen cecum? |
|
Definition
| found at the point of the sulcus terminalis, site of the embryonic origin of the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of the human embryo? |
|
Definition
1.ectoderm
2.mesoderm
3.endoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-outer covering
-lining of oral cavity and enamel
-nervous tisssue(brain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-middle
-forms skeletal and muscular systems
-organs(NOT brain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inside
-epithelial linings of internal organs |
|
|
Term
| When does development of the face begin? |
|
Definition
| in week 3 with the stomodeum |
|
|
Term
| What does the primitive mouth become? |
|
Definition
| the oral and nasal cavities |
|
|
Term
| What does enamel form from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does dentin, cementum, and pulp form from? |
|
Definition
| underlying connective tissue- ectomesnchyme |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 stages of tooth development? |
|
Definition
1.initiation stage
2.bud stage
3.cap stage
4.bell stage
5.apposition stage
6.maturation stage |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the initiation stage of tooth formation? |
|
Definition
| ectoderm lining the stomodeum gives rise to the oral epithelium and the dental lamina |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the bud stage of tooth formation? |
|
Definition
| dental lamina grows into underlying mesenchyme in 20 places |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the cap stage of tooth formation? |
|
Definition
-dental lamina becomes enamel organ to become enamel
-dental papilla arises from ectomsenchyme to make pulp and dentin
-dental sac surrounds tooth |
|
|
Term
| What does the dental sac become? |
|
Definition
-PDL
-cementum
-alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the bell stage of tooth development? |
|
Definition
-cells increase to form bell shape
-enamel organ becomes 4 layers |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 layers of the enamel organ? |
|
Definition
-outer enamel epithelium
-stelate reticulum
-stratum intermedium
-inner enamel epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What does the inner enamel epithelium become? |
|
Definition
| ameloblasts which form enamel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from dental papilla to form dentin in the bell stage |
|
|
Term
| Which stage of tooth development has the greatest extent of differentiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in the apposition stage? |
|
Definition
| layer by layer formation of tooth structure |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the maturation stage? |
|
Definition
| tooth tissues fully mineralize |
|
|
Term
| What mineralizes the tooth in the maturation stage? |
|
Definition
| hydroxyapatite(crystallized calcium phosphate) |
|
|
Term
| What is the reduced enamel epithelium? |
|
Definition
| 4 layers of enamel condensed together after production of enamel, most lost after eruption |
|
|
Term
| What is the junctional epithelium? |
|
Definition
| remaining part of REE after tooth eruption |
|
|
Term
| What is used as a blueprint for the root outline? When does it disolve? |
|
Definition
-hertwig's root sheath
-dissolves after root formation |
|
|
Term
| What are rests of malassez? What may they cause? |
|
Definition
-remaining cells hertwigs root sheath
-may cause cysts in the PDL |
|
|
Term
| What is the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| lipid bilayer with proteins, controls what goes in and out of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stores DNA of cell, controls chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| watery gel enclosed by membrane, all metabolic activities occur here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain digestive enzymes, important in phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the golgi apparatus? |
|
Definition
| packaging and secretion of protein material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? |
|
Definition
| network of membranes, rough ER contains ribosomes for protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are filaments and tubules for? |
|
Definition
| structural support for the cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the hardest tissue in the body? What percentage mineralized is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is enamel formed from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are lines of retzuis? |
|
Definition
| incremental lines in the enamel from mineralization |
|
|
Term
| What are enamel spindles? |
|
Definition
| ends of odontoblastic processes crossing the DEJ |
|
|
Term
| What forms the greatest bulk of the tooth, what percentage mineralized is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odontoblasts from dental papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deposited before the completion of the tooth |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of primary dentin? |
|
Definition
1.mantle dentin
2.circumpulpal dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st layer of dentin immediately adjacent to the CEJ |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fibers does mantle dentin contain? |
|
Definition
| koroff's fibers (thick, heavy collagen) |
|
|
Term
| What is circumpulpal dentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is secondary dentin? When does it form? |
|
Definition
| -forms after crown is in occlusion |
|
|
Term
| What do dentinal tubules hold? What can fluid movement in these cause? |
|
Definition
-hold odontoblastic processes
-fluid movement in these can cause pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fibroblasts
-odontoblasts
-histocytes
-blood vessels
-nerves
-pulp stones |
|
|
Term
| How mineralized is cementum? What is this the same as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cementoblasts located in the PDL |
|
|
Term
| Where is cementum thinnest? Where is it thickest? |
|
Definition
| thinnest at cervical, thickest at apex |
|
|
Term
| Where is nourishment for the cementum obtained? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layers is the oral mucosa composed of? |
|
Definition
-an epithelial layer(stratified squamous epithelium)
-connective tissue(lamina propria) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 layers of the oral mucosa seperated by? |
|
Definition
| a basement membrane that becomes the DEJ in developing teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is considered masticatory mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is masticatory mucosa? |
|
Definition
| keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-usually not keratinized
-has submucosa |
|
|
Term
| What are some areas of lining mucosa in the mouth? |
|
Definition
-buccal/labial mucosa
-flood or the mouth
-soft palate
-alveolar mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Which area of the mouth has specialized mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the only keratinized areas of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 2 embryonic structures develop most structures of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
1.frontal process
2.1st brachial arch |
|
|
Term
| What does the frontal process form? (3) |
|
Definition
1.forehead and frontal bone
2.median nasal process
3.lateral nasal process |
|
|
Term
| What does the frontal process form? (3) |
|
Definition
1.forehead and frontal bone
2.median nasal process
3.lateral nasal process |
|
|
Term
| What does the median nasal process form? |
|
Definition
-center and tip of nose
-nasal septum
-globular process(philtrum, premaxillary palate) |
|
|
Term
| What does the lateral nasal process form? |
|
Definition
| sides of the nose and infraorbital areas |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 processes of the 1st brachial arch? |
|
Definition
1.maxillary process
2.mandibular process |
|
|
Term
| What does the maxillary process form? |
|
Definition
-palatal shelves
-upper cheeks
-sides of upper lip |
|
|
Term
| What does the mandibular process form? |
|
Definition
-lower jaw
-lower face and lip
-anterior tongue |
|
|
Term
| What does the posterior tongue develop from? |
|
Definition
| the 2nd an 3rd brachial arches |
|
|
Term
| When does development of the face begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the palate develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Embryonic processes fuse BLANK to BLANK. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do most malformations occur? |
|
Definition
| within the fist trimester of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What kind of glands are salivary glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is salivary flow stimulated by? |
|
Definition
| the parasympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What is the duct of the submandibular gland? How much of the totl salive does it prodive? What kind of secretions is it? |
|
Definition
| whartons duct, 65%, mixed seretions |
|
|
Term
| Where does the submandibular gland excrete? |
|
Definition
| at the sublingial cranucle |
|
|
Term
| How much of the total saliva comes from the sublingual gland? What duct? What kind of secretions? |
|
Definition
-10%
-bartholin's duct
-mixed(mainly mucous) |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve stimulates the submand and sublin glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the total saliva comes from the parotid gland? What duct? What secretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the parotid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do ligaments attach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 movements of the TMJ? |
|
Definition
1.gliding/sliding
2.rotational or hinge |
|
|
Term
| What is the tooth commonly found with a mesial crown and root concavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the premolar most often having 2 roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tooth with the longest root? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the teeth that most often fail to develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only tooth with a nonfunctional cusp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tooth most likely to exhibit lingual caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the premolar that commonly has 3 cusps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tooth most often affected by microdontia? |
|
Definition
|
|
