Alkane

All single C-C bonds

C_nH_2n+2

Nomenclature of Alkanes

(suffix)

Met₁, et₂, prop₃, but_4, pent₅, hex_{6 ...}

-ane suffix

-yl suffix on substituents

- di, tri... used for repeated substituents

Nomenclature of Alkanes

(# and others)

- Minimize # location of substituent

 - Δ cyclopropane (C_nH_2n)

- ■ cyclobutane (C_nH_2n)

- start numbering it from shortest branch

- CF_xCl_4-x : CFC, banned coolant

Alkanes

(fun facts)

- Combust at right temperature;

- Low mass alkanes are commonly used gases;

- Cyclic alkanes are more reactive than normal ones.

Alkanes

(examples)

 [image]n-pentane

[image]2-Methylbutane

Hydrogenation

- Add H₂ with help of a catalyst

- From sp² to sp³

- Ex: from C₂H₄ C₂H₆

- Dehydrogenation: opposite

Alkenes

- C_nH_2n

- C=C bond

Alkenes

(suffix)

- -ene suffix

- cis: similar substituents on the same side

- trans: similar substituents on opp. sides

Alkenes

(#s & others)

- Must indicate location of = bond and;

- minimize # for location of = bond;

Alkenes

(examples 1)

Alkenes

(examples 2)

[image]4-methyl cyclopentane