Term
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Definition
| ether, KI/H3PO4, markovnikov |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| NBS/DMSO or X2/H2O, halohydrin |
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Term
| H2O addition (acid catalyzed) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hg(OAc)2, THF, NaBH4, halonium, markovnikov |
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Term
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Definition
| BH3-THF, H2O2/OH, antimarkovnikov |
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Term
| alkene/alkyne hydrogenation |
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Definition
| Pd/C/Pt, lindlar (cis), Li/NH3 (trans) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| HIO4, THF, same as ozonolysis |
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Term
| oxidation with permanganate |
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Definition
KMnO4/H, CH to OH
for alkynes same as O3 |
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Term
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Definition
| KNH2, NaNH2/NH3, LDA/THF, Sn2 |
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Term
| radical chain halogenation |
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Definition
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Term
| alcohol conversion to halide |
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Definition
| HX in ether (3rd/Sn1), PX3 in ether or CH2Cl2 (1st/2nd/Sn2), SOCl2 in pyridine (1st/2nd/Sn2), TosCl/pyridine followed by X− (1st/2nd/Sn2) |
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Term
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Definition
| strong base for E2, allylic/benzylic tertiary and secondary for E1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Br2 and FeBr3 (or AlBr3) for bromination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| SO3/H2SO4 for sulfonation |
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Term
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Definition
| RX and AlCl3 for alkylation |
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Term
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Definition
| RCOX and AlCl3 for acylation |
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Term
| aromatic side chain oxidation |
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Definition
| KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7, benzylic hydrogen, converts to COOH |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| aromatic side chain hydrogenation |
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Definition
| (NO2, C=O) with Pd/C into H-C-H |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| aldehyde/ketone to alcohol |
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Definition
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Term
| carboxylic acid/ester to alcohol |
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Definition
| BH3/THF for COOH, LiAlH4 for both, replaces OH and OR with H (OR becomes ROH) |
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Term
| carbonyl and grignard to alcohol |
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Definition
RMgX, RLi, THF, ether
replaces the OR on the ketone and saturates it |
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Term
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Definition
| any alkyl, aryl, alkene halide but no acidic H allowed |
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Term
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Definition
| (1st/2nd/E2) use POCl2 to convert OH into leaving group OPOCl2, (3rd) use acid, pyridine is base |
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Term
| oxidation of alcohol to form carbonyl |
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Definition
| PCC for making aldehyde 1st, Jones/KMnO4/Na2Cr2O7 for making COOH 1st, any of above for 2nd to make ketone, no 3rd |
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Term
| williamson ether synthesis |
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Definition
| alkoxides are nucleophiles, Sn2 |
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