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When parties disagree over substantive issues or when emotional antagonisms create friction between them |
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Involves fundamental disagreement over ends or goals to be pursued and the means for their accomplishment |
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Involves interpersonal difficulties that arise over feelings of anger, mistrust, dislike, fear, resentment, and the like |
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Occurs within the individual because of actual or perceived pressures from incompatible goals or expectations |
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Occurs between two or more individuals in opposition to each other |
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Occurs among groups in an organization |
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Interorganizational Conflict |
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Occurs between organizations |
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Results in positive benefits to the group |
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Works to the group's or organization's disadvantage |
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Occurs when the reasons for a conflict are eliminated |
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Involves pretending a conflict does not really exist |
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Involves playing down differences and finding areas of agreement |
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Occurs when each party gives up something of value to the other |
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Seeks victory by force, superior skill, or domination |
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Uses formal authority to end conflict |
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Involves recognition that something is wrong and needs attention through problem solving |
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Uses information to resolve disputes |
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The process of making joint decisions when the parties involved have different preferences |
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Focuses on positions staked out or declared by the parties involved, who are each trying to claim certain portions of the available pie |
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Focuses on the merits of the issues, and the parties involved try to enlarge the available pie rather than stake claims to certain portions of it |
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Zone between one party's minimum reservation point and the other party's maximum reservation point in a negotiating situation |
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Alternative Dispute Resolution |
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Involves a neutral third party who helps others resolve negotiation impasses and disputes |
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A neutral third party acts as judge with the power to issue a decision binding on all parties |
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A neutral third party tries to engage the parties in a negotiated solution through persuasion and rational argument |
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