Term
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Definition
| responsible for mastication; contains 3 pairs of salivary glands, the lingual frenulum, uvula, tongue and 32 teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA primary or milk teeth; lost between the ages of 6 and 12 |
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Definition
| AKA secondary teeth; replace the lost milk teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| we have 8 of them in our mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA canines; we have 4 of them in our mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| we have 8 of these in our mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| we have 12 of them in our mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| located inferior and anterior to the ears |
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Definition
| located in the floor of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| located beneath the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| parotid, submandibular and sublingual |
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Term
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Definition
| releases amylase and lingual lipase; secretes lysozymes; lubricates food; begins initial phase of digestion |
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Definition
| enzyme that begins the breakdown of starch into sugar in the mouth |
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Definition
| enzyme secreted in the mouth but activated in the stomach by acids; breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consists of extrinsic muscles, intrinsic muscles and covered with papillae |
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Term
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Definition
| skeletal muscle covered with mucous membranes; responsible for movement in chewing and anchor the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| alter the shape and size of the tongue for speech and swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| cover the upper surface of the tongue, contain the taste buds |
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Term
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Definition
| sour, sweet, bitter, salty and unami/savory |
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Term
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Definition
| fold of mucous membrane located in the midline of the undersurface of the tongue; limits posterior movement |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, V-shaped muscular process that descends from the soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| during swallowing, it and the soft palate are drawn superiorly, closing off the nasopharynx and preventing foods and liquids from entering the nasal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular cavity connecting the mouth with the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| during swallowing, elevates the larynx so it meets the epiglottis thus directing food into the esophagus rather than the trachea |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| facilitated by the secretion of saliva and mucus and involves both voluntary and involuntary movements of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular tube that propels the bolus from the mouth to the stomach; consists of UES and LES |
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Term
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Definition
| wave-like contractions of smooth muscle |
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Term
| Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
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Definition
| AKA UES; consists of skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
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Definition
| AKA LES; consists of smooth muscle |
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Term
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
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Definition
| AKA GERD; failure of the LES to close adequately after food has entered the stomach allowing acid to back up into the inferior esophagus; AKA heartburn |
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Term
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Definition
| expandable muscle sac capable of holding 1-2 gallons of food and liquids; only water, drugs and alcohol are absorbed here |
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Term
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Definition
| ring of circular muscle that separates the lower portion of the stomach from the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates food passage into the small intestine; allows only 1 tsp of chyme to enter the duodenum every 20 sec |
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Term
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Definition
| stores food and releases it gradually into the small intestine for proper digestion and absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| assists in the mechanical breakdown of food with churning contractions; chemically breaks down food by secreting enzymes, acids and hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| semifluid mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes the enzyme pepsinogen to break down proteins and the hormone gastrin to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA HCL; gives the stomach a pH of 1-3, the perfect environment for the chemical breakdown of foods |
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Term
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Definition
| constantly being secreted by glands in the stomach wall to form a protective barrier from stomach acid |
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Term
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Definition
| anatomical structure designed for greatest digestion and absorption (assimilation) of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| 10 ft long, 1-2 in in diameter; longest part of the GI tract; total surface area of 2200 square feet |
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Term
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Definition
| the first portion of the small intestine, about 10 in long; attaches to the pylorus of the stomach and pyloric sphincter; contains 2 ducts |
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Term
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Definition
| is 3 ft long and is the central portion of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| is 6 ft long and joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes pancreatic juices and bile from the liver and gallbladder; one of 2 ducts in duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| empties pancreatic juices into the duodenum; one of 2 ducts in duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| located on the walls of the small intestine; facilitate absorption by increasing surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| absorb monosaccharides and amino acids from digested food |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphatic vessels in the intestinal villi that absorb triglycerides from digested food |
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Term
| Hepatic Portal Circulation |
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Definition
| nutrient-rich blood flow from the GI organs to the liver before returning to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| sloshing of chyme back and forth to bring nutrients into contact with the surface of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| conduct leftovers from small intestine into the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| digestion of food occurs in here with the secretion of digestive enzymes from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| bi-lobed; produces bile; stores fats and carbs; regulates blood glucose levels; synthesizes blood proteins; detoxifies |
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Term
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Definition
| functional units of the liver; hexagonal structure |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of specialized epithelial cells called hepatocytes which secrete bile and absorb oxygen, most nutrients and toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| highly permeable capillaries that filters blood of bacteria, toxins, damaged and dead blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| small pouch located inferior to the liver; stores bile and empties it tino the duodenum through the cystic duct |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow/browinsh/greenish liquid that consists water, cholesterol, lecithin, bilirubin, bile salts and ions |
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Term
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Definition
| acts as a detergent or emulsifying agent to break down fats and oils |
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Term
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Definition
| brown color in feces; iron and globin from recycled rbc's is broken down to produce it |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow color in urine; bilirubin is broken down to produce it |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, oblong organ lying along the greater curvature of the stomach; connected by a duct to the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| contains acini cells (exocrine) and islets of langerhans (endocrine) |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete the pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes; 99% of the epithelial cells of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete insulin and glucagon; 1% of the epithelial cells of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| about 5 ft long and 3 in in diameter; made up of 4 main parts |
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Term
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Definition
| contains a flourishing population of bacteria; reabsorbs water and synthesized vitamins; forms feces |
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Term
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Definition
| "cul-de-sac" of the large intestine, with attached appendix |
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Term
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Definition
| ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-6 inches; stores feces in the large intestine before defecation |
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Term
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Definition
| the final one inch compartment of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| formed and compacted by the large intestine; consists of indigestible wastes, dead rbc's and dead bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| peristaltic movements transport it to the rectum, causing the urge to defecate |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA mucosa; lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior; secretes mucous for lubrication and protection and enzymes for digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| lines body cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers organs that lie within the cavity; consists of 2 layers |
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of the serous membrane attached to the cavity wall |
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of the serous membrane that covers and attaches to the organs inside the cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| largest serous membrane in the body, lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera within the cavity; contains most abdominal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| "apron" or large fold in the serosa of the stomach that hangs down anterior to the intestines; hangs off the greater curvature of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| hangs off the lesser curvature of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| means posterior to the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| controls the initial phase of digestion- the sight, smell taste and even thought of food as well as muscle action in chewing |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that stimulates HCl production in the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that causes the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate to neutralize HCl |
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