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Orofacial Neurobiology - Lecture 05
Respiration & Gag Reflex
33
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Professional
03/29/2012

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Term
Normal respiration differs from mastication in this cyclical characteristic.
Definition
Mastication uses both openers and closers. Respiration only uses inspiratory muscles.
Term
What is the average breathing rate for a healthy person at rest?
Definition
15bpm
Term
Respiration is one of several activities competing for attention in the ________ region.
Definition
Orofacial
Term
The central pattern generator for breathing is located in this area.
Definition
Medulla
Term
Inspiratory rhythm arises in the ________ complex.
Definition
Pre-Botzinger 
Term
Expiratory rhythm arises in the ________.
Definition
Preinspiratory complex
Term

Regarding respiration, what occurs in the orange areas?

[image]

Definition
Chemoreception
Term
This aspect of chemoreceptors in the brain is crucial to keeping respiration going in the event of damage.
Definition
Redundancy
Term
What is DAMGO?
Definition
A synthetic opioid which can slow down inspiration.
Term
Swallowing occurs at the end of this phase of respiration.
Definition
Expiration
Term

What is occurring during this prolonged period of respiration?

[image]

Definition
Swallowing
Term
50% of people with this condition exhibit Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
Definition
Congestive Hearth Failure
Term
Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by a cycle of not doing this when sleeping or awake.
Definition
Breathing
Term
List the two types of apnea.
Definition
Central and Obstructive
Term
What muscular feature defines central apnea?
Definition
Inactivity of the abdomen muscles (patient not trying to breath)
Term
In Cheyne-Stokes breathing, the onset of breathing is ________.
Definition
Gradual
Term
How long does the Cheyne-Stokes breathing cycle typically last?
Definition
~1min
Term
Metabolic control of respiration is concerned with oxygen delivery and ________ balance.
Definition
Acid-base
Term
________ control is related to coordinated activities in which breathing may be temporarily suspended or altered.
Definition
Behavioral
Term
List the three components of a respiratory control system.
Definition

1. Central Controller

2. An effector

3. Sensors

Term
T/F: The elderly are more sensitive to gagging.
Definition
False. Young people are about 20% more likely to gag.
Term
Davies et al showed that this percentage of young people exhibited a gag reflex.
Definition
74%
Term

Davies et al showed that this percentage of old people exhibited a gag reflex.

Definition
57%
Term
T/F: The operator does not affect the probability that a patient will gag.
Definition
False. Technique can make a big difference.
Term
When will material placed in the throat not elicit a gag reflex?
Definition
When it is voluntary, natural, expected (and, I would imagine, firm).
Term
The stimulus to vomit is mechanical/chemical.
Definition
Chemical
Term
This is an unsuccessful vomit.
Definition
Retch
Term
The stimulus to gag is mechanical/chemical.
Definition
Mechanical
Term
T/F: An object inserted into the "fauces" can ilicit a gag reflex.
Definition

True

[image]

Term
Afferent information from the gag reflex travels down CN _____.
Definition
V & IX
Term
Afferent information from the gag reflex travels to this part of the CNS.
Definition
Medulla
Term
T/F: The efferent arc is too complicated to learn.
Definition
True, according to Dr. McCall
Term
T/F: There is little data to support effective remedies for the gag reflex.
Definition
True
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