Term
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Definition
Patient is prone with both legs fully extended, examiner flexes both knees to 90 degrees, and then flexes both knees maximally to approximate heals with buttocks
Positive is when examiner is unable to flex the knees past 90 degrees or unilateral lumbar pain associated with L2/L3 nerve root lesion and/or pain in the anterior thigh associated with femoral nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is prone with both legs fully extended, examiner flexes knee of affected leg maximally to approximate heel to buttocks.
Positive is pain in SI/lumbosacral area or if pain radiates down thigh or leg associated with SI or LS disorder |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is prone with both legs fully extended, examiner flexes knee of affected leg to 90 degrees and the heel is approximated to the opposite buttock. After flexion of the knee, the thigh is hyperextended.
Positive is pain in the anterior thigh indicating femoral nerve or inflammation of the lumbar nerve roots |
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Term
| Femoral Nerve Traction Test |
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Definition
Patient is in a side-lying posture, affected leg is up and the patient slightly flexes the hip and knee. Patient straightens the back and flexes the neck. The affected leg is extended 15 degrees and then the knee is flexed.
Positive is pain radiating down the anterior thigh and associated with nerve root radiculopathy involving L2-L4 |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is prone, examiner on same side of unaffected leg. Examiner stabilizes affected SI joint and then flexes the knee of the affected leg 90 degrees and then hyperextends the thigh off of the table.
Positive is pain in the SI area associated with injury of the Anterior SI ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is prone, examiner is on the unaffected side and stabilizes the unaffected pelvis with one hand. Examiner uses other hand to grasp the ankle of the affected leg, flexes the knee to 90 degrees, then to maximum flexion (do not elevate thigh off table), then push the leg laterally.
Positive is pelvic pain associated with SI disease |
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Term
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Definition
Patient will present with antalgic posture based on the type of disc pain/lesion
Positives: Lateral protrusion=lean away from side of lesion; Medial protrusion=lean into side of disc leasion; central disc lesion=flexed posture with no lean; protrusion under nerve root, patient may not lean at all |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is seated and is asked to stand. Examiner observes how patient rises from seated position.
Sign is present when patient supports weight on the uninvolved side, balancing the healthy leg, placing one hand on the back and flexing the knee and hip on the affected side associated with SI lesions, LS strains/sprains, fractures, and disc syndromes |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is standing then instructed to bend forward. Sign is present when patient flexes the knee on the affected side.
Positive indicates lower lumbar IVD problems as well as LS and SI strain subluxations |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine with the affected pelvis to the side of the table. Examiner will be on the side of the unaffected leg and flexes the unaffected thigh and knee toward the abdomen. Examiner turns patient so that the affected leg is off the table and simultaneously flexes knee/thigh of unaffected leg toward abdomen while also hyperextending the affected leg.
Positive is pain in the SI area or referred down the thigh associated with SI joint disease |
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Term
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Definition
Patient in side-lying posture on the unaffected side with knee and hip flexed. Examiner is positioned behind the patient and abducts the affected leg slightly with one hand while other hand stabilizes pelvis with downward pressure, then the affected leg is placed further into extension.
Positive is pain in the SI joint associated with SI joint lesion/pathology |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine. Examiner places both hands on the ASIS of each ilium and presses laterally and down (arms crossed).
Positive is unilateral gluteal or posterior crural (relating to the thigh or leg) pain associated with Anterior SI ligament sprain |
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Term
| SI Resisted Abduction Test |
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Definition
Patient in side-lying posture on the unaffected side. Examiner behind patient. Patient actively abducts the affected leg. At the end of ROM the examiner applies downward pressure on the affected leg while the patient tries to resist
Positive is pain near the PSIS and is specific for SI sprain or subluxation |
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Term
| Sacrotuberous Ligament Stress Test |
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Definition
Patient is in a side-lying posture w/the top leg bent at 90 degrees. Examiner will push down on the knee (of top leg) and also push in on the sacrotuberous ligament (sacral notch to ischial tuberosity).
Positive is tenderness at the ST ligament associated with ST ligament sprain or tightness. |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is in side-lying position and examiner places both hands over the upper part of the superior iliac crest and exerts a careful downward pressure.
Positive is pain or increased pressure at the SI joint associated with SI sprain, inflammation, subluxation, or fracture |
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Term
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Definition
Instruct patient to hop on one leg.
Positive is pain localized to the hip associated with hip pathology or femoral head fracture |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine, knees flexed and soles of feet flat on the table. Examiner observes the height of the knees from a viewpoint at the foot of the table.
Positive if one knee is lower than the other associated with ipsilateral hip dislocation or severe coxa disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performed on infants. Examiner abducts the infants legs apart. If the hip is dislocated, during this motion the head of the femur slides over the rim of cartilage that is around the hip socket. There is a click or clunking sensation as the head of the femur slips back into the socket. This is called a positive Ortolani's Maneuver. A click does not always mean the hip has relocated back to the socket and imaging is required to confirm. |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine and the inferior calcaneus is struck with the examiner's fist.
Positive is pain varying by location:
Pain in thigh=femoral joint fracture or severe pathological condition of that joint.
Pain in leg=tibial or fibular fracture
Pain in calcaneus=calcaneal fracture |
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Term
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Definition
Patient supine, thigh is flexed with knee bent upon the abdomen. Patient will use both hands to keep the leg in this position. Examiner observes the posture of the lower back and affected leg (the leg flat on the table).
Positive is if lumbar spine maintains a lordosis, if affected leg flexes (off the table) and if patient is unable to lay the leg flat on the table associated with shortened iliopsoas m. |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine and buttocks are positioned at the end of the table so that both legs are hanging off. The patient holds both knees to the chest as the examiner slowly lowers the affected leg back towards the floor.
Positive is affected leg does not drop below the level of the table, cannot achieve 90 degrees flexion associated with tightness of rectus femoris, iliopsoas, tensor fascia latae muscles and ITB. |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is in side-laying position on the unaffected side. Examiner places one hand on pelvis and grasps the patient's ankle and then flexes the knee to 90 degrees and abducts and extends the thigh.
Positive if leg remains abducted associated with ITB contracture |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is in side-lying posture on the unaffected side and flexes the hip of the affected hip (top leg) to a 90 degree angle with knee flexed. Examiner stabilizes the hip with one hand and applies a downward pressure to the knee.
Positive is pain in the piriformis associated with tight piriformis muscle and possible sciatic like symptoms (pain in buttocks indicates piriformis syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine. Examiner grasps ankle and flexed knee of the affected leg and flexes the hip, abducts the thigh, crosses the ankle over the contralateral knee and externally rotates the hip. Examiner then extends the hip by applying downward pressure on the knee while stabilizing the contralateral pelvis (around ASIS is fine)
Positive is pain during the maneuver (exp. during abduction and external rotation) associated with coxa (hip) pathologic condition |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is standing. Patient stands on affected side of involvement while raising the other foot and leg into thigh and knee flexion. Normal is iliac crest is low on the standing side and high on the elevated side.
Positive if iliac crest is high on standing side and low on the elevated side and is associated with gluteal paralysis or weakness (polio), gluteal inhibition (pain from hip joint), gluteal insufficienccy from coxa vera, or congenital dislocation of the hip. False positives = 10% |
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Term
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Definition
Patient is supine. Patient's involved hip is flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated. Examiner applies an over pressure at the end ROM while stabilizing opposite ASIS.
Positive is SI Joint pain. |
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