Term
| Three Point Pressure Principle |
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Definition
| Forms the mechanical basis for orthotic correction, a single force is placed at the area of correction at the area of deformity or angulation, 2 additonal counter forces act in opposing direction, usually above and below the primary area of correction. |
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Term
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Definition
Used to protetive measures (i.e. seizures, craniotomy, frequent falls)
Leather: provide extra padding
Hard: provide greater protection for pts that fall lot or previous surgery |
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Term
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Definition
-Least Stable
-Allows 75-90% of normal spinal movement
-Guards against extreme ranges
-Good for relaxation, warmth, mm spasms, C/S sprain w/o bony injury |
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Term
| Soft Collar Contraindications |
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Definition
| -No injury with significant damage to ligaments or bony structure, intervertebral disc injury, hyperextension injuries, infants |
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Term
| Cervical Traction Devices |
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Definition
-Used to gently unweight spine, not distract, add gentle support to decrease muscle guarding
-Indications: DDD, mild strains |
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Term
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Definition
| Indications: multiple levels of anterior discectomy adn fusion, unstable injuries after surgical stabilization, neck pain caused by muscle spasms, C/S sprain w/o bony injury |
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Term
| Rigid Collar Contraindications |
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Definition
| -Bony injuries (fx), intervertebral disc injury where there is significant nerve root compression |
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Term
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Definition
(Rigid Collar)
-Indications: minor to moderate cervical injuries
-More stable than soft collar, overall ability to restrict movement is minimal
-Indications: multiple levels of ant discectomy and fusion, following halo removal, pediatric mm spams, ambulance transport
-Contra's: not for long term use |
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Term
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Definition
| Exo, Thomas Collar, Miami J Collar (more comfortable, hole for trach). Aspen |
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Term
| Sternal Occipital Manibular Immobilizer (SOMI) |
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Definition
-3 Poster
-For pts with lower C/S or high T/S injury
-Has only 1 anterior support, rigid support in flex and ext
-Everything attaches in front (easy application)
Indications:C1 fractures w/o subluxation, Flexion injuries C3-5, used for stable Hangman's fractures, good for flex limitations in middle cervical spine (C3-5)
Contra's: not best to eliminate cervical ext |
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Term
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Definition
-Has Occipital portion (diff btw SOMI), has occipital and mandibular supports and 2 anterior and 2 posterior uprights
-For lower C/S injury
-Need to log roll the pt to apply 4 Poster |
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Term
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Definition
-Only has 2 posts attach sternal component to neck
-Restrict flex and ext of head and C/S |
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Term
| Minerva Cervicothoracic Orthosis |
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Definition
-Custom thermoplastic molded jacket can be used instead of halo, 2 sections immobilize thorax, mandible adn occiput to stabilize C/S
Indications: Flex or Ext C/S injuries, treatment of C1 ring fx, unstable Hangman's Fx, provides rigid immob on flex, ext, lat flex and rot
Contra's: if posterior skull can't be covered |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Prevents 96% of flexion and ext in C/S region, 99% of rot and lat bending
Indications: C/S or high T/S spine instability or fx, post op for ant discectomy or fusion, fx dislocation, posterior instab and compromised fixation
Contra's: rarely needed following sx, facet fx with dislocation or subluxation |
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Term
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Definition
| -Non-invasive Halo, head band is stead of pins, achieves 95% immob, choose for osteoporosis pt |
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Term
| Sacroiliac Corest (SI Belt) |
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Definition
-Commonly as SI belt, but also as lumbopelvic support, trochanteric belt
Indications: traumatic seperation of Si jts or public symphysis, post partum |
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Term
| Inguinal hernia Belt (truss) |
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Definition
| Gentle support to inguinal hernias |
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Term
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Definition
-3 Panel elastic is least supportive
Indications: stable fx of L/S, LBP, elderly w/stable compression fx, acute and chronic osteochondrosis, mm strain, ddd, obese pts wiht weak abs
Contra's: unstable fx, or neuro compromise
*The corset should be applied while the pt is in a supine position and tightened from the bottom up (b/c mm relaxed, spine elongated, spine unweighted) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gentle support for comfort for rib fx, restricts deep breathing, often can relieve the stabbing, sharp pain with breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| For gentle postural support, does not correct deformity, mild alleviation of pain |
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Term
| Figure 8, Clavicle Support |
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Definition
| Gentle support for clavicle fx, usually uncomfortable in axilla region |
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Term
| Rigid LSO (low Profile LSO) |
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Definition
| Indications:pain from athletic bk injuries, spondylosis, apophyseal fx and disc disease, following sx stab of L/S fx, LBP, severe osteoporosis, arthrosis of facet jts, control of excessive lordosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Indications: fx of L/S, effective in controlling flex and ext at L1-4, lateral bending restricted by chairback, rotation minimally limited |
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Term
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Definition
| Use for pts with higher injuries (T/s) |
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Term
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Definition
Indications: Tx of slight to moderate stable compression fx, good for elderly ppl with compression fx, purpose is to limit flex
Contra's: Provides little motion control, a reminder to limit flex more than a true limiter of motion |
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Term
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Definition
Indications: following sx stab of T/S and T/L spine fx, effective immobilizer of upper T and mid T/S, hyperext brace, Most effective in preventing flex and ext T6-L1, for single and 2 level injuries
-More stable than CASH, depends if they need more decrease in pain or if bigger fx
Contra's: Fx above T6 sternal pad increase the amt of motion actually increasing the mobility in T/S |
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Term
| Circumferential Custom TLSO |
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Definition
-For pts with SCI (paras)
-Where motion control in all 3 planes is needed
-Fx from posterior and middle column injury thru bone
-Compression fx
-Useful for upper lumbar spine, used for post surgery for fx dislocations (i.e. SCI)
Contra's: when spinal fusion is performed across lumbosacral jt
*Straps should be fastened from bottom up |
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Term
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Definition
Hip spica can be added to TLSO or LSO to stabilize fx at L5-S1 by immobilizing hip
-Can be used to keep hip in abd
-Low L/S fx (L5-S1), only option is to add hip spica |
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Term
| Milwaukee CTLSO (for Scoliosis) |
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Definition
Indications:effective immobilizer of upper T and mid T/S, hyperkyphosis measuring greater than 60-65 deg with pain, excellent immobilizer for managing idiopathic scoliosis
-Has neck component, works best for high curves, pts with pain
Contra's: curves at T8 can't be treated, not used with pts with fx, poor acceptance (not attractive)
* Must be worn over 20 hrs/day until closure of epiphyseal plates |
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Term
| Milwaukee CTLSO-Low Profile |
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Definition
| Good because can be put inside clothes, good for low curves |
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Term
| Boston (Specialized brace for Scoliosis) |
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Definition
used for curves btw 20-45 deg
Designed for lower scoliosis conditions, below T8
Worn for 23 hrs/day |
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Term
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Definition
| Custom Molded TLSO, fabricated in 1 piece, can be used for higher T/S curves |
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Term
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Definition
| Bending orthosis that holds the patient in reversed position from the scoliotic curve, used while sleeping |
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