Term
| How many bones are in the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of the Skeletal System: |
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Definition
1. Support
2. Storage of minerals
3. Blood cell production
4. Protection
5. Leverage |
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Term
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Definition
1. Flat
2. Sutural
3. Long
4. Irregular
5. Sesamoid
6. Short |
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Term
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Definition
| Tunnel providing access to marrow cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Carry blood to/from metaphysis
Connects to epiphyseal arteries/veins |
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Term
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Definition
Smaller blood vessels (supply superficial osteons)
Lymphatic vessels (collect lymph from bone and osteons)
Sensory nerves (innervate diaphysis, medullary cavity, and epiphyses) |
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Term
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Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide
Most numerous bone cell type
Maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix
Occupy lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
Produce new bony matrix
Become osteocytes once surrounded by bony matrix |
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Term
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Definition
Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
Important in fracture repair |
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Term
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Definition
Remove and remodel bone matrix
Giant cells with 50+ nuclei
Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to dissolve matrix and release stored minerals |
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Term
| Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) accounts for ___ bone weight. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Fill spaces between osteons |
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Term
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Definition
Contain central canals (parallel to bone surface)
Connected by perforating canals (perpendicular) |
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Term
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Definition
Fibrous outer layer
Cellular inner layer |
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Term
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Definition
Isolate bone from surrounding tissues
Route for blood and nervous supply
Actively participate in bone growth and repair |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction in growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and short bones
Rare due to treatment with synthetic growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slowly
Limbs are short
Trunk is normal size |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilage
Causes long, slender limbs
Other connective tissue abnormalities cause cardiovascular issues |
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Term
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Definition
| Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty |
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Term
| Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) |
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Definition
| Gene mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close
Bones get thicker |
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Term
| Calcium levels of activity controlled by: |
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Definition
| Intestines, Bones, Kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
Crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress
Most heal as long as blood supply and cellular parts of periosteum and endosteum survive |
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