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Osteological Terms of Location & Direction
Human Osteology
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/29/2010

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Term
Volar
Definition
toward the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot (opp. dorsal)
Term
Labial
Definition
(teeth) toward the lips (opp. lingual; syn. buccal)
Term
Ectocranial
Definition
pertaining to the external surface of the cranium
Term
Anterior
Definition
toward the front of the body
Term
Superior
Definition
above or toward the head/skull
Term
Contralateral
Definition
a feature or structure on the opposite side of the feature in question (ex. the left ear is contralateral to the right ear)
Term
Endocranial
Definition
pertaining to the inner surface of the cranium
Term
Buccal
Definition
(pertaining to teeth) related to the side nearest the cheek; usually used in reference to molars
Term
Ventral
Definition
toward the abdomen (opp. dorsal)
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
just beneath the skin
Term
Lateral
Definition
toward the side/away from the midline of the body
Term
Profundus
Definition
deep(er) inside
Term
Inferior
Definition
below or toward the feet
Term
Apical
Definition
related to the apex or highest point of a structure or the body
Term
Frontal
Definition
toward the front
Term
Palmar
Definition
toward the palm of the hand (as opposed to dorsal)
Term
Lingual
Definition
(teeth) toward the tongue
Term
Medial
Definition
toward the midline
Term
Cranial
Definition
related to the cranium/head (syn. Cephalic)
Term
Basilar
Definition
related to the base or lowest point of of a structure or the body
Term
Distal
Definition
a feature that is located/directed away from the skull (toward the feet); in teeth, the posterior half of the tooth (toward the back of the mouth)
Term
Superficial
Definition
near the surface
Term
Caudal
Definition
(usually in reference to quadrupeds) related to/toward the tail
Term
Axillary
Definition
the area related the armpit
Term
Dorsal
Definition
toward the back of the body/hand or the top of the foot
Term
Ectocranial
Definition
pertaining to the external surface of the cranium
Term
External
Definition
on the outside
Term
Posterior
Definition
toward the back
Term
Internal
Definition
toward the inside
Term
Proximal
Definition
near or toward the skull
Term
Plantar
Definition
toward the sole of the foot (as opposed to dorsal)
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