ENGINE FIRE DURING START

Engine fires during start are usually the result of over priming.  The following procedures are designed to draw the excess fuel back into the induction system.

1.  If engine has not started:

• Mixture - Idle cut-off
• Throttle - open
• Turn engine with starter (this is an attempt to pull the fire into the engine)

2.  If engine has already started and is running, continue operating to try pulling the fire into the engine. 

3.  In either case stated above, if the fire continues longer than a few seconds, the fire should be extinguised by the best available external means.

4.  If external fire extinguishing is to be applied:

• Fuel Selector Valves - OFF.
• Mixture - Idle cut-off
  

ENGINE POWER LOSS DURING TAKE-OFF

The proper action to be taken if loss of power occurs during take-off will depend on circumstances.

1.  If sufficient runway remains for a normal landing, land straight ahead.

2.  If insufficient runway remains, maintain a safe airspeed and make only a shallow turn to avoid obstructions.  Use of flaps depends on circumstances.  Normally, flaps should be fully extended for touchdown.

3.  If you have gained sufficient altitude to attempt a restart, proceed as follows:

• MAINTAIN SAFE AIRSPEED
• FUEL SELECTOR - SWITCH TO ANOTHER TANK CONTAINING FUEL
• ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP - CHECK ON
• MIXTURE - CHECK RICH
• CARBURETOR HEAT - ON

NOTE 

If engine failure was caused by fuel exhaustion, power will not be regained after tanks are switched until empty fuel lines are filled, which may require up to ten seconds.

4.  If power is not regained, proceed with the POWER OFF LANDING procedure.

ENGINE POWER LOSS IN FLIGHT

Complete engine power loss is usally caused by fuel flow interruption, and power will be restored shortly after fuel flow is restored.

If power loss occurs at low altitude, the first step is to prepare for an emergency landing.

1.  Maintain an airspeed of at least 80 MPH IAS, and if altitude permits, proceed as follows:

• Fuel Selector - switch to another tank containing fuel.
• Electric Fuel Pump - ON
• Mixture - RICH
• Carburetor Heat - ON
• Engine Gauges - check for the indication of power loss.
• Primer - Check locked.
• If no fuel pressure is indicated, check tank selector position to be sure it is  on a tank containing fuel.

2.  When power is restored:

• Carburetor Heat - OFF
• Electric Fuel Pump - OFF

If the above steps do not restore power, prepare for an emergency landing.  If time permits:

• Ignition switch - "L" then "R" then back to "BOTH"
• Throttle and Mixture - different settings.  (This may restore power if problem is too rich or too lean a mixture, or partial fuel system restriction.)
• Try another fuel tank - (Water in the fuel could take some time to be used up, and allowing the engine to windmill may restore power.  If power loss is due to water, fuel pressure indications will be normal).

NOTE

If engine failure was caused by fuel exhaustion, powerw will not be regained after tanks are switched until empty fuel lines are filled, which may require up to ten seconds.

3.  If power is not restored, proceed with POWER OFF LANDING procedures.

POWER OFF LANDING

     If loss of power occurs at altitude, trim the aircraft for best gliding angle (80 MPH IAS) (Air conditionder off) and look for a suitable field.  If measures taken to restore power are not effective, and if time permits, check your charts for airports in the immediate vicinity; it may be possible to land at one if you have sufficient altitude.  If possible, notify ATC by radio of your difficulty and intentions.  If another pilot or passenger is aboard, let them help.

     When you have located a suitable field, establish a spiral pattern around this field.  Try to be at least 1000 feet above the field at the downwind position, to make a normal approach.  Excess altitude may be lost by widening your pattern, using flaps or slipping, or a combination of these.

     Touchdowns should normally be made at the lowest possible airspeed, with full flaps.

     When commited to landing:

• Ignition - OFF
• Master Switch - OFF
• Fuel Selector - OFF
• Mixture - Idle cut-off
• Seat belt tight, shoulder harness in place.
  

FIRE

The presence of fire is noted through smoke, smell, and heat in the cabin.  It is essential that the source of the fire be promptly identified through instrument readings, character of the smoke, or other indications, since the action to be taken differs somewhat in each case.

ELECTRICAL FIRE

• Master Switch - OFF
• Vents - OPEN
• Cabin Heat - OFF
• Land as soon as possible

ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT

• Fuel Selector - OFF
• Throttle - CLOSED
• Mixture - Idle cut-off
• Heater - OFF (in all cases of fire)
• Defroster - OFF (in all cases of fire)
• If terrain permits, land immediately

The possibility of an engine fire is extremely remote.  The procedure given above is general and pilot judgement should be the deciding factor for action in such an emergency.