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narcissa prentiss/marcus whitman
basically wed to travel west and do missionary work
207 days to go 3000 miles
1st white woman to cross us coast to coast
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| Whitmans indian trouble 1 |
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Definition
chose missionary site on walla walla river away from nez perces
warned not to settle among the cayuse
ways of life clashed, farming was beneath the cayuse
mission shut down for lack of civilizing the cayuse |
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| whitmans indian trouble after he returned east to save the missions |
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returned with almost 1000 whites, cayuse viewed it as an army
people sick on the oregon trail would head north to mission, disease killed 50% of cayuse in two years
indians thought whitman practiced voodoo letting indians children die and saving white children
1 cayuse tricked whitman into an argument while the other snuck up behind him and killed him with a tomahawk
also killed his wife, 11 others, and took hostages |
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Term
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hudson bay comapny outraged
shortly after the first indian war of the NW broke out 1848
cayuses vs. volunteer force of 500 from willamette valley
2 years they eluded the whites and finally gave up 5 tribesmen including the 2 who killed the whitmans
when the dust settled oregon became a territory so it could be governed, making whitman a martyr |
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| distinguished the freeborn from the slaves(round heads) |
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boston school teacher obsessed with colonizing oregon
had never been, learned from hunters, seamen, and lewis and clarks journal
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| where was jason lee's mission located |
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Definition
willamette river 10 miles north of salem
jason lee brought 51 people from new england as a counter presence to the hudson bay company
big supporter of oregon in the 1830's |
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Term
American Board of Commissioners for Foriegn Missions
ABCFM |
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Definition
protestant based, the group who sponsored the Whitman's
backfired, indians living close to missionaries became sick
also made a christian/non-christian division between tribes |
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jesuit missionary from belgium
skilled negotiator between indians and whites
established the sacred heart mission at cataldo 1842, flooding caused it to be moved to its present location in 1846 |
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Lapwai mission
came with the whitmans, spalding failed to gain the trust of the indians and wes demoted |
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Term
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Definition
trickle of migrants in 1840, by 1860 53,000
brought white disease to the indians
10% of travelers usually died
first family arrived in 1840
1842 dr. elijah white brought the first wagon train
typically took 7 months
most died to disease caused by their own pollution along the trail
oxen, wagon, and gear cost $400
averaged 15 miles a day |
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Term
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nations god-given destiny to expand to the limits of the continent
bonneville- first explorer of the oregon trail
fremont the mapmaker
54 40 or fight, northern most bounday of proposed international boundary
president polk knew we had to have the pugent sound as a portal to the pacific |
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Term
| Oregon Territory and Statehood |
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Definition
created by whitman's death
earliest oregon trail settlers in willamette valley
political limbo from joint occupation between us and briain
hudson bay company had regional dominance
oregon treaty 1846 failed to have the us recognize oregon as a territory until whitman took a hatchet to the head
washington territory arved from oregon in 1853, and idaho from washington in 1863
oregon became a state in 1859
outlawed slavery but didnt allow them to live in the state |
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Term
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| The Donation Land Law of 1850 precluded blacks and Hawaiians from its provisions for land claims. Ignoring Indian claims to the land, this act offered 320-acre parcels to white male citizens and their wives. |
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| U.S.-Indian treaties of 1854 through 1856 left local groups with only a fraction of their former homelands. Tribes ceded millions of acres in Washington Territory alone, in exchange for a guarantee or promise that their rights would be protected, that some lands would be reserved, and that many services would be provided for them. |
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Definition
before the "49rs" cali's white pop. was 11k, after discovery in 1848 pop. soared to over 100k and led to cali becoming a state in 1850
after the rush "49rs" settled to the fertile east like boise
indians pissed, just like we get mad at the "californianss" moving to spokane today |
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| Washington and Idaho Territory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
flight of a group of nez perce in 1877
caused by whites trespassing for gold on indian land
1847 whitman massacre was followed by treaties and wars finally ending in indians going on to reservations by 1879 |
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| Woman Suffering in the PNW |
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Definition
Women and children formed a majority of the factory workers in the first half of the nineteenth century. Although women remained a majority in the manufacturing work force in 1840, they were replaced increasingly by immigrant men after the 1820s.
pac nw almost all male
Abigail Scott Duniway - mother of womans rights in pnw
1878or,1881wa, woman could own property and keep all of there wages
WA voided female suffrage in 1887 on a technicality
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Lemhi, mormon mission on the salmon river, abandoned after 3 years due to tensions rising with indians and the us army
voted as a block for democrats
election losers stated that they took their views from salt lake city and didn't care about idaho
edmunds act of 1882 - basically barred mormons from participating in the legal and political systems
test oath act 1885
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| what was the relationship bewtween indians and euro-americans during the fur trade |
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| what was role of indian women in the fur trade? how did it change through time? |
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| What was the relationship between American Indians and missionaries? Was it different from that between Indians and fur traders? Why? |
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| Think about the different demands on the land made by fur traders versus farmers. How did these demands influence their attitudes about Indian peoples? |
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| Why did Oregon Trail pioneers come to the Pacific Northwest? |
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| What were the four stages of Indian-white relations in the Pacific Northwest? Be able to explain what took place in each. |
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| What were some of the ethnic/racial and religious groups in the Pacific Northwest by 1890? How were they treated? |
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| whitmans return trip from going east to save his mission, he had 900 people with him in 100 wagons 700 head of oxen and cattle. |
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prominate after fur trade in the 1830's and 40's
catholics, protestants, mormons
quickly outnumbered by pioneers coming west |
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| first municipality west of the rocky mountains |
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| 1887 General Allotment Act(Dawes Severalty Act) |
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| was sponsored by a group of reformers (especially the Women’s National Indian Association) who believed that the only way to “save” American Indians was to “civilize” them and assimilate them into white society by requiring them to sever their tribal relationships and become small farmers. The Dawes Act resulted in Indians losing two-thirds of the land they held in 1887. Only the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934 ended the genocidal provisions of the Dawes Act and returned land to tribal ownership |
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overcame oregon city as the hub due to its location
within a decade it established itself as the population and economic capitol of the northwest hinterland
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because of wilkes(explorer) we have the boundaries we do.
he lost a boat at the mouth of the columbia but said the pugent sound wase safe and the best water way in the world
idaho is the way it is because seattlites were scared to lose the capital to one of the mining towns in the east |
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1860 Elias Pierce hit gold in orofino creek
the "clearwater" rush
areas around lewiston built illegally on nez perce land, to many people to stop them
the boise basin gave up $20mil in gold by 1866 |
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| 4 phases of indian-white relations |
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Definition
1st- peaceful from 1st maritime exploration until whitman attack in 1847
2nd- 3 decades of conflict cayuse war 1848-1879when the reservations were put into effect
3rd - indians became colonized, broken people living on bad land
General alottment act of 1887
4th- contradiction, whites reluctantly honoring past agreements and indians taking great amounts of self pride.1924, us citizenship to indian people |
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