Term
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Definition
| consists of the walls of the alveolus and the capillary |
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Term
| Diffusion Through Respiratory Membrane |
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Definition
| Gases are exchanged between alveolar air and capillary blood because of differences in partial pressure |
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Term
Two Types of alveolar cells
Type I- |
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Definition
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Term
Two Types of alveolar cells
Type II- |
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Definition
| Secrete surfactant and reabsorb Na and water |
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Term
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Definition
Intra-alveolar pressure decreases to about 758mm Hg as the thoracic cavity enlarges
Atmospheric pressure forces air into the airways |
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Term
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Definition
Thorax at end of maximal inspiration
aided by contraction of sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| due to elastic recoil of the lung tissues and abdominal organs |
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Term
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Definition
contraction of abdominal wall muscles
contraction of posterior internal intercostal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| volume moved in or out during a normal breath |
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Term
| IRV- inspiratory reserve volume – |
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Definition
| volume that can be inhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume |
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Term
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Definition
| – volume that remains in lungs at all times |
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Term
| ERV-expiratory reserve volume – |
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Definition
| volume that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume |
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Term
| FRV-functional residual capacity = |
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Definition
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Term
| IC-inspiratory capacity = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| TLC-total lung capacity = |
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Definition
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Term
| alveolar ventilation rate formula |
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Definition
volume of air that reaches alveoli
tidal volume minus physiologic dead space then multiplied by breathing rate |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Breathing |
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Definition
Decreased blood oxygen concentration stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
- motor impulses travel from the respiratory center to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
contraction of these muscles causes lungs to expand
expansion stimulates stretch receptors in the lungs
-inhibitory impulses from receptors to respiratory center prevent overinflation of lungs
- high blood PCO2 and high CSF H+ concentrations stimulate chemoreceptors of the respiratory center
-alveolar ventilation increases
- CO2 levels decrease in blood
- H+ decrease in CSF |
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Term
| Partial pressure of a particular gas- |
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Definition
| is equal to the product of the total pressure and the fraction of that gas in the mixture. |
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Term
| how does blood transport oxygen? |
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Definition
it is mainly transported with hemoglobin molecules. When they combine it is called OXYHEMOGLOBIN and is unstable.
It releases the oxygen when the Po2 is low |
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Term
| how does the blood transport c02 |
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Definition
in a solution as either
1. disolved co2
2. bound to hemoglobin
3. bicarbonate ion --- most common |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of the alveolar and capillary walls, where the gas exchange takes place. |
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Term
| Location of the respiratory areas? |
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Definition
| the pons and the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| the dorsal respiratory group is important in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the ventral respiratory group increases inspiratory and expiratory movements during |
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Definition
|
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Term
| why is respiration necessary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of aging on respiratory system? |
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Definition
. The cilia become less active
2. Mucous thickening
3. Swallowing, gagging, and coughing reflexes slowing
4. Macrophages in the lungs lose efficiency
5. An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections
6. A “barrel chest” may develop
7. Bronchial walls thin and collapse
8. Dead space increasing |
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Term
| the_____ main bronchus that only has 2 lobes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| is wider, shorter and runs more vertically than the left. |
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