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Pain Management
Pain Management
57
Other
Not Applicable
04/11/2013

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Cards

Term
How do we use psychological management?
Definition
-through pt control(explaining things to them to make them feel like they have the control)
-behavorial management techniques
Term
How deep to topical anesthetics penetrate?
Definition
2-3 mm
Term
What can the high concentration of local anesthetics lead to?
Definition
-toxicity locally and systemically
Term
What may benzocaine or other flavoring agents lead to?
Definition
sloughing of tissues
Term
What is the most frequently used dental anesthetic? What kind is it? What are some benefits?
Definition
-benzocaine
-ester
-low toxicity and prolonged duration
Term
What is dyclonine hydrochloride?
Definition
ketone used for patient with sensitivity to others
Term
What is lidocaine?
Definition
-amide with low incidence of allergic reaction
-used on lacerated tissue
Term
What should you do to the area before applying topical anesthetic? How long before injection should it be applied?
Definition
-dry area, wipe with a 2x2
-apply 2 mins before injection
Term
Where does the semilunar ganglion lie?
Definition
in Meckle's cavity in the bottom of the middle cranial fossa
Term
What are the 3 branches of the superior dental plexus? What does it supply feeling to?
Definition
-posterior superior-3 molars except MB root of 1st molar, buccal tissue
-middle superior-premolars and MB root of 1st molar and buccal
-anterior superior-all anterior teeth
Term
What does an infraorbital injection target? What does it anesthesize?
Definition
-the infraorbital foramen
-anesthesizes premolars, incisors, and facial tissue
Term
What does an ASA(anterior superior alveolar)infiltration anesthetize? Target?
Definition
-target is slight mesial to and above apex of canine
-anesthetizes anterior teeth and facial tissue
Term
What doea MSA infiltration anesthetize? What is the target?
Definition
-target is above the apex of the 2nd premolar
-premolars and MB root of 1st molars are anesthetized
Term
Does everyone have a middle superior alveolar nerve?
Definition
no it is only present in 25% of the population
Term
What is the target of a PSA block? What does it anesthetize?
Definition
-target is slightly above and distal to the last molar(max tub)
-anesthetizes all max molars except MB root of 1st
Term
What is there a risk for with PSA/tuberosity injections?
Definition
greater chance for hematoma due to promity of ptereygoid plexus
Term
What does the nasopalatine nerve bring feeling to?
Definition
mucous membrane and gingiva of anterior hard palate are innervated
Term
What does the greater palatine nerve innervate?
Definition
posterior hard palate and gingiva
Term
What is the target of a nasopalatine infiltration? Block? What do these inesthetize?
Definition
-infiltration-lateral to incisive papilla
-block-on incisive papilla
-these anesthetize the gingiva and mucus membranes of the anterior hard palate
Term
What is the target of a greater palatine injection? What does it anesthetize?
Definition
-target if palatine foramen, above and lingial to second molar
-posterior mucus membranes and hard palate gingiva are innervated
Term
What does the inferior alveolar nerve innervate?
Definition
-teeth and gingiva of jaw
Term
What does the lingial nerve innervate?
Definition
lingial gingiva of the molar region
Term
What does the sublingial nerve innervate?
Definition
anterior aspect of the lower jaw and the mucosa of the floor of the mouth
Term
What is the target of the inferior alveolar/lingual injection? WHat does it inesthetize?
Definition
-target is ramus slightly superior to mandibular foramen
-the teeth, peridontal tissues, and tongue are anesthetized
Term
What does the buccal nerve innervate?
Definition
the buccal gingiva between the second premolar and molar
Term
What is the target of a long buccal injection? What is innervated?
Definition
-target is distal and buccal to the most posterior molar
-innervates buccal gingiva between 2nd premolar and second molar
Term
What can a mental nerve injection anesthetize? What is the target?
Definition

-innervates buccal gingiva between midline and the second premolar, the lower lip and the skin.

-target is mental nerve as it exits mental foramen.

Term
What does the aspiring syringe do?
Definition
creates negative pressure in the cartridge to check for blood
Term
What is the incidence of positive aspiration?
Definition
10-15%
Term
Who has stated that needle guards are not approved?
Definition
OSHA
Term
How long is a short needle? Long?
Definition
short-25 mm
long- 40 mm
Term
With the gauge of the lumen is the smallest number the smallest gauge?
Definition
no it is the opposite, the larger the number the smaller the gauge
Term
What is the benefit of a larger gauge? Where are these preferred?
Definition
less deflection and ease of aspiration

-preferred in areas with higher risk of positive aspiration
Term
What are the gauge sizes? What color goes with each size?
Definition
-25(biggest, red)
-27(yellow)
-30(smallest, blue)
Term
What does the color tell you?
Definition
gauge size not needle length
Term
What are cartridges labeled with? (6)
Definition
-volume
-name
-concentration of anesthetic and vascoconctrictor
-supplier
-manf #
-expiration date
Term
Where does the CDC say we have to dispose of carpules?
Definition
if aspirated(have blood in them) we put them in the sharps container, if not they can go in the trash
Term
What are we inspecting prior to injecting?
Definition
-breakage
-air bubbles
-cloudiness
Term
What is the general shelf life for injections?
Definition
18 months-5 years
Term
How much solution is in each carpule?
Definition
1.8 mL
Term
When can we not use a cartridge?
Definition
if there is an airbubble under the metal cap when held vertically
Term
Solutions with epinephrine must be protected from BLANK.
Definition
light
Term
When should cartridges be loaded?
Definition
just prior to use
Term
What speed should we inject at?
Definition
slow, 1.8 mL/min
Term
What does oraquix do?
Definition
provides pain relief and its needle free application avoids patient concerns regarding needles and injections
Term
Do we inject oraquix? How quick is the onset?
Definition
no, 30 second onset
Term
What is the maximum that could be applied?
Definition
5 cartridges
Term
Amide local anesthetics have been replaced with what?
Definition
ester (procaine, tetracaine)
Term
What is a preservative in local anesthetics containing a vascocontrictor that is a potential allergen?
Definition
sodium metabisulphite
Term
What are some possible drug interactions to some local anesthetics?
Definition
-triclyic antidepressants to noradrenaline
-beta blockers for HBP or migraine to vascoconttrictor
-MAOI to sympaticomimetric amines
Term
What can injecting someone too fast cause?
Definition
tissue necrosis
Term
How much solution should we utilize?
Definition
.2-.3 ml solution
Term
Where do we document the use of local anesthetics?
Definition
under T in parts
Term
What is he minimum % oxygen concentration to be used with nitrous oxide?
Definition
30%
Term
How full should the reserve bag be during respiration?
Definition
2/3 full
Term
How much should we increase the nitrous oxide concentration by as we increase?
Definition
0.5, decrease oxygen at the same
Term
BLANK mins of BLANK % oxygen is needed after nitrous oxide delivery.
Definition
5 mins of 100% oxygen is needed after nitrous oxide delivery.
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