Term
|
Definition
| 1:40 or 1:80; the larger the ratio the more positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| histone/DNA; SLE, drug effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Saline ENA's
MCTD
MCTD, SLE, Sjogrens, Poly/dermatomyositis
Various autoimmune dzs, Infection, Neoplasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA associated Ags
scleroderma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
centromere
limited scleroderma (i.e. CREST syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more specific test for SLE
may decrease with SLE tx and increase with dz act |
|
|
Term
| complement levels (C3 and C4) |
|
Definition
determine SLE activity
levels decrease with SLE activity
dx SLE and follow activity level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sensitive, not specific for DILE
common with HD, thyroid, HTN, neuropsychiatric, antb, and anti-inflamm agents
most common agents: procainamide (Pronestyl)
hydralazine (Apresoline)
quinidine (Quinaglute) |
|
|
Term
anti-phospholipid Ab
(cardiolipin Ab) |
|
Definition
assesses risk of thrombosis in SLE
assoc. with venous/arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, miscarriage
tx with baby ASA, coumadin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More specific for SLE, but not sensitive for SLE
Run this test if high suspicion for SLE and patient has a +ANA
sometimes done in combination with anti-RNP (called ENA (extractable nuclear Ags) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part of ENA tests
Present in patients with a combination of overlapping diseases known as Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positive w/pts with Sjogrens syndrome, SLE, and neonatal lupus
SS-A more common (photosensitive rash, lymphopenia, pulm dz) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Useful in diagnsis of CREST syndrome which is a variant of scleroderma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calcinosis, Raynaud’s, esophogeal dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangectasias |
|
|
Term
| Anti-scleroderma antibody (Scl-70) |
|
Definition
found in patients with scleroderma
Especially prevalent in patients with
Extensive cutaneous diseases
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| anti-smooth muscle Ab (ASMA) |
|
Definition
is associated with liver and bile duct autoimmune diseases
test after finding elevated LFTs
ASMA is found in chronic active hepatitis
If a patient has a + ASMA and + ANA they have lupoid hepatitis
is SELDOM present in
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
Drug induced liver disease
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
Hepatoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
use if moderate suspicion of RA
high specificity
the higher the titer, the more suggestion of RA
IgM Ab directed at Fc portion of IgG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new test for RA
high specificity
suggestive of more aggressive forms of RA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abnl protein that occurs along with inflammation
detect within 18-24 h of tissue damage
elevates and decreases more rapidly than ESR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme found in higher concentrations in the heart and skeletal muscle
Used as an index of injury to the myocardium and muscle
Useful to diagnose skeletal muscle diseases (polymyositis and musclular dystrophy)
Useful to diagnose MI, but need to test isoenzymes (CK-MB is specific for the heart)
Test if patient has muscle weakness (diffuse)
Useful to follow treatment in polymyositis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme in heart and skeletal muscle
Useful in muscle wasting and degeneration
Useful in monitoring response to therapy in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Highest levels in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| cytoplasmic neutrophil Ab (ANCA) |
|
Definition
Found in patients with Wegner’s granulomatosis (WG)
Negative cANCA does not rule out WG
Rising titers are suggestive of disease activity/relapse
Useful in monitoring response to therapy
also seen in polyarteritis nodosa |
|
|
Term
| associated conditions with a + ANCA |
|
Definition
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Kawasaki syndrome
Giant-cell arteritis
glomerular membrane basement disease
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
polyarteritis nodosa
inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn’s disease
primary sclerosing cholangitis
rheumatoid arthritis
drug-induced vasculitis
If active renal disease a pANCA is suggestive of
Antibodies to myeloperoxidase
Pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Rapid Plasma Reagen (RPR) |
|
Definition
screening for syphilis
can still have syphilis if negative
positive with Infectious mononucleosis
SLE
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Hepatitis A
Leprosy
Malaria
Occasionally, pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| venereal dz research lab test (VDRL) |
|
Definition
| similar to RPR, can give false + results |
|
|
