Term
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Definition
| amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal resting ventilation = 500 mL |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of air remaining in the lungs following a maximal expiration = 1.2 L |
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Term
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Definition
Expiratory reserve volume- the volume of air that can be forcefully expelled following a
normal expiration = 1.2 L
-Inspiratory reserve volume- the volume of air that can be forcefully breathed in following a
normal inspiration = 3.6 L= measured IRV=VC-(TV+ERV) |
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Term
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Definition
Forced vital capacity The amount of air that can be maximally forced out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration. Emphasis on speed= IRV +TV +ERV
4.6L |
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Term
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Definition
pulmonary function test. The results (in particular FEV1/FVC and FRC) can be used to distinguish between restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases:
Type: restrictive diseases Examples: pulmonary fibrosis Description: volumes are decreased FEV1/FVC: often in a normal range (0.8 - 1.0)
Type: obstructive diseases Example: asthma or COPD Description: volumes are essentially normal but flow rates are impeded often low
FEV1/FVC: Asthma can reduce the ratio to 0.6, Emphysema can reduce the ratio to 0.3 - 0.4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Vital capacity = 4.6 L = IRV + TV + ERV The amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration. Emphasis on completeness of expiration. The maximum volume of air that can be voluntarily moved in and out of the respiratory system. |
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Term
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Definition
(crackles) – Adventitious breath sounds associated with pathology. Rales could be the
result of air bubbles in secretions or movement of fibrotic tissue during breathing. Basilar
rales are often accompanied with left ventricular congestive heart failure. (Atelectasis,
fibrosis, and pulmonary edema), Related to the opening of previously closed small airways
and alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
caused by the rubbing of pleural surfaces against one another, usually as the
result of inflammation processes. |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous low pitched, sonorous breath sounds that are most prominent during
expiration and could be a result of air passing through airways narrowd by inflammation,
bronchospasm or secretions. Heard during expiration |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous adventitious sound of inspiration associated with upper airway
obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous breath sounds that are high-pitched, and musical often associated
with asthma, COPD, and foreign body aspiration |
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Term
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Definition
Acid/Base Balance pH Causes
Respiratory Alkalosis U Alveolar hyperventilation
Respiratory Acidosis D Alveolar hypoventilation
Metabolic Alkalosis U (Steroids, adrenal disease)
Metabolic Acidosis D (Diabetic, prolonged diarrhea) |
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Term
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Definition
Signs and Symptoms
1. Smoking History
2. Cor pulmonale
3. Decreased expiratory flow rates
4. Crackles and wheezes
5. Hypoxemia |
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Term
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Definition
1. Barralled chest
2. Dyspnea
3. Cyanosis
4. Clubbing
5. Accessory muscles of ventilation |
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Term
| Obstructive vs restrictive dz |
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Definition
Term Obstructive Restrictive
Total lung capacity increases decreases
Fxnal residual capacity increases decreases
Residual volume increases decreases
Vital capacity decreases decreases
PaCO2 increases decreases
FEV1 sharp decrease normal |
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Term
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Definition
infectious respiratory process caused by tubercle bacilli.
Test-PPD-Purified Protein Derivative- Negative 0-4mm after 48 hours
Positive >10mm after 48 hrs.
Sputum + for Mycobacterium tuberculosis within 2-3 weeks of onset. Later (-) in the latent phase.
Drugs of choice in most cases Isoniazid and Rifampin |
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Term
| Medications for Lung Respiration |
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Definition
1. Anticoagulants-Coumadin and Heparin limit ability to tolerate percussion.
2. Atropine- use for severe asthma, to help with spasms of the involuntary muscles and inhibit
secretions
3. Bronchodilators- Epinephrine, Alupent, Ventolin, Proventil- Relax smooth muscle and open
airway lumen
4. Corticosteroids- Prednisone and Cortisol used to decrease edema and inflammation
associated with COPD |
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