Term
|
Definition
| Where an organism lives and its role in its environment |
|
|
Term
| Why would it be useful for an animal to make itself smaller when exposed? |
|
Definition
Reduces surface area
Reduces visibility
Can be used as protection from predators |
|
|
Term
| If a student uses a transect in their studies what kind of sampling is taking place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can data be analysed and and relationships be assessed? |
|
Definition
A graph can be created
Correlation assessed
Undergoes statistical analysis
Such as spearmans rank |
|
|
Term
| What s the chemical reaction involved in the digestion of cellulose by enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of the digestion of cellulose by bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the greenhouse effect? |
|
Definition
| Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, the IR is original reflected by the Earth. The gases then warm the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| What is an effect of reducing greenhouse gases? |
|
Definition
Reduced greenhouse effect
Temperature less likely to rise
Reduced chance of climate change |
|
|
Term
| What would happen if an area was stopped from being mowed? |
|
Definition
Taller plants could develop in clear areas
Causing a loss of low-growing plants/clear zones
Secondary succession could commence followed by a climax community of tall plants |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term reproductively-isolated population? |
|
Definition
No breeding can occur between a species
Due to a geographical barrier
Or different mating behaviour
Incompatible genitalia
Or the population have a restricted gene pool |
|
|
Term
| What region of the chloroplast is involved in the fixation of carbon dioxide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would happen the RuBP concentrations if there was a decrease in CO2? |
|
Definition
RuBP would increase and then drop and then stay constant
Increase due to its regeneration
Falls due to its fixation to CO2 |
|
|
Term
| What would happen the GP concentrations if there was a decrease in CO2? |
|
Definition
GP would drop and then stay constant
Drops due to less CO2 converted to GP
Levels out as CO2 is available at a lower level |
|
|
Term
| What is the term that describes the use of evidence provided by insects remains on a dead body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the number of species found on a body and the blowfly life cycle be used to estimate time of death? |
|
Definition
More than one specis of insect present = dead for a while
Shows the succession of insects
Life cycle stages are used
Life cycle times are taken in consideration to environmental temp
A guess is made |
|
|
Term
| How is body temperature useful for determining the time of death? |
|
Definition
Drop in body temperature is linked to time after death
Different factors affect temperature drop (body size, clothing etc.)
Time of death can be calculated if ambient temperature known
Only useful for a short period of time after death, 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| How is body decomposition useful for determining the time of death? |
|
Definition
The body decomposes in a specific sequence with time
Factors affect decomposition (environmental temp, wound etc.)
Not useful if all the body has decomposed |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell produces antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how a vaccine can give active immunity |
|
Definition
Virus is used as a vaccine
Virus is modified to be harmless
Vaccine contains the antigen
The antigen can activate B cells
Produce B/T memory cells
Body is now able to produce antibodies faster on another exposure to virus |
|
|
Term
| If two groups are used in a study, one group vaccinated and the other not, how should the non-vaccinated group be treated? |
|
Definition
Should be given a placebo
All conditions controlled the same as the other group
This group is a control group to improve validity |
|
|
Term
| How could passive immunity come about? |
|
Definition
| Antibodies are present from birth via the mothers placenta or milk |
|
|
Term
| What two types of organisms can decompose waste plant material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can microorganisms warm an area up? |
|
Definition
| Heat energy is produced via the metabolism of microorganisms |
|
|
Term
| Explain why a molecule of DNA can be described as a double-stranded polynucleotide? |
|
Definition
Double-stranded because its made of two strands
Strands joined by hydrogen bonds
The stand is made of many nucleotides (polynucleotide)
Nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds |
|
|
Term
| Describe how the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule would be used to form the primary structure of a protein |
|
Definition
| The sequences of bases determine the amino acid sequence One triplet codes for an amino acid DNA acts as a template (Talk about transcription) mRNA moves from nucleus to cytoplasm (Translation) tRNA carries an amino acid Forms peptide bonds between amino acids Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids |
|
|
Term
| What is found in the mixture placed into a PCR machine? |
|
Definition
A DNA sample
DNA polymerase
DNA primers
Free DNA mononucleotides |
|
|
Term
| What is the first step of a PCR machine? |
|
Definition
| Heated to 90-95°C to separate DNA strands |
|
|
Term
| What is the second step of a PCR machine? |
|
Definition
Mixture is cooled to 55-60°C
DNA primers attach to DNA strand |
|
|
Term
| What is the third step of a PCR machine? |
|
Definition
Mixture is heated to 75°C
DNA polymerase uses mononucleotides to assemble a complementary strand |
|
|
Term
| Why isnt DNA polymerase from humans suitable for a PCR machine? |
|
Definition
Human enzymes will not work at high temperatures
PCR temperatures denature the active site |
|
|
Term
| Why can't plants be identified from their xylem material using PCR and DNA profiling? |
|
Definition
Xylem is dead material and has no nuclei
No DNA is present for identification |
|
|
Term
| What 3 substances is needed to produce ATP |
|
Definition
| ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the reaction which uses ATP to form ADP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the reaction which uses ADP to for ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the structures in a chloroplast involved in phosphorylation |
|
Definition
Granum
Granum is a stack of thylakoids
Thylakoids contain electron carriers
Thylakoid membranes contain ATPase |
|
|
Term
| How can GALP be used to synthesise cellulose? |
|
Definition
GALP is a 3C molecule
Glucose is formed from GALP
Enzymes are used for the synthesis of glucose
Cellulose consists of beta glucose
Joined by glycosidic bonds (1-4 bonds)
Condensation reactions between glucose produce a polymer of cellulose (long chain molecule)
Cellulose is an unbranched molecule |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe the scientific study of tree growth rings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can scientists use data from dendrochronology to predict future climate change? |
|
Definition
Data can be extrapolated
Data is used as a model to investigate correlation
Provides evidence for global warming
This data can then be used along with data from other sources |
|
|
Term
| Why are some scientists not convinced that dendrochronology data can be used to predict future climate change? |
|
Definition
Not enough data
No way of confirming data
No real trend
Estimating temperature from growth rings is a questionable method
Other environmental changes are not taken into account |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 methods used to estimate environment changes? |
|
Definition
Dendrochronology
Estimates of CO2 in ice cores
Pollen from peat
Temperature records |
|
|
Term
| "Individuals can interbreed to produce fertile offspring" is a possible definition for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can a distinct species evolve? |
|
Definition
Geographical isolation such as a physical barrier between two groups
The different selection pressures affect the groups
Such as food source, habitats etc
Mutations occur
Creating an adaption the the conditions
Advantageous alleles passed on to offspring
Gene pool changes, increases frequency of new alleles
Reproductive isolation occurs |
|
|
Term
| How can zoos help endangered species? |
|
Definition
| Use of a captive-breeding program can conserve a gene pool and the possibility of re-introducing the species into a suitable habitat. |
|
|
Term
| Is cytoplasm found in both bacteria and viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is nucleic acid found in both bacteria and viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a protein capsid found in both bacteria and viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain what is meant by the term net primary productivity |
|
Definition
Rate of energy incorporated into organic materials
Undergoes losses in respiration NPP=GPP-R
Occurs in producers |
|
|
Term
| Suggest why an increase in temperature can increase NPP? |
|
Definition
Rate of photosynthesis increases
Due to an increase of kinetic energy of molecules
This increase in reaction rate is due to more enzyme substrate interaction |
|
|
Term
| Suggest two biotic factors that may influence NPP in grassland |
|
Definition
Grazing from consumers
Trampling
Shading by plants
Competition from other plants
Disease |
|
|
Term
| What is name given to the sub-unit in a molecule of RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two types of cell that HIV enters in the immune system |
|
Definition
T helper cells
Macrophages |
|
|
Term
| How does HIV enter a cell? |
|
Definition
HIV binds to CD4 receptors on cell surface
gp120 on virus binds to the CD4 receptor
Virus envelope fuses with cell surface membrane |
|
|
Term
| Once HIV has infected a cell what is the sequence of events that may lead to death? |
|
Definition
viral RNA is used as a copy to produce viral DNA - reverse transcriptase
viral DNA is incorporated into host cell's genome - integrase
Host cell produces viral RNA and proteins = viruses
Infected T helper cells are destroyed by T killer cells
Reduction of T helper cells lowers immunity
Death is caused by opportunistic disease |
|
|
Term
| "B and T cells are formed in the bone marrow", true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "B cells stimulate T cells to produce clones of memory cells", true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "T helper cells produce chemicals that destroy pathogens", true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "B and T cells are able to form clones by mitosis", true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes an antibiotic bactericidal? |
|
Definition
| It destroys bacteria cells by causing them to burst (cell lysis) |
|
|
Term
| What makes an antibiotic bacteriostatic |
|
Definition
| It causes cells to stop reproducing and no cell division occurs |
|
|
Term
| How is a zone of inhibition used when dealing with bacteria and antibiotics in an agar plate? |
|
Definition
A clear zone of inhibitions indicates where the antibiotic has either killed or prevented growth of bacteria
The size of the clear zone indicates effectiveness |
|
|
Term
| What does repeating an experiment improve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does controlling a variable in an experiment improve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How could a hospital improve the control/prevention of infections? |
|
Definition
Hospitals have a code of practice when dealing with infections
Their are clothing rules for workers
Improved laundry, more cleaning higher temp
Special treatment of cleaning with antibacterials
Sealed carrying containers
Screening and isolation of infected patients
Hands should always be washed |
|
|
Term
| What cell in the immune system is infected by HIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the enzyme in HIV that produces DNA from RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State two characteristic features of antibodies |
|
Definition
It is a glycoprotein
Has a specific 3-D shape joined by disulphide bridges between peptides
Specific antigen-binding site
Antibodies main body is similar to each other
Produced by plasma cells |
|
|
Term
| Why is data about HIV infections often estimates? |
|
Definition
HIV infection does not always produce symptoms
Virus is dormant
Testing is needed to detect HIV
Only people who suspect they have HIV have the test
Some people are not tested
Symptoms are common to other diseases
New cases arise all the time
New strains of virus arising |
|
|
Term
| Describe how small samples of DNA can be amplified |
|
Definition
DNA, DNA polymerase, DNA primers and free mononucleotides are all added into a PCR machine.
Machine goes from 95°C to 55°C to 75°C
Cycle is repeated many times to make multiple copies of DNA |
|
|
Term
| Give one technique that analyses DNA samples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does scientists get their results accepted? |
|
Definition
Work appears in scientific journal or conference
Validity and reliability is considered by other scientists
Scientists peer review it |
|
|
Term
| How can a geographical barrier create 2 species? |
|
Definition
Different conditions in each region
Different selection pressures
Restrict gene flow of advantageous genes
End result is of reproductive isolation |
|
|
Term
| How can genetic mutations create 2 species? |
|
Definition
Creates a different gene pool
Leading to different phenotypes
New gene could be advantageous
Advantageous gene is passed onto offspring |
|
|
Term
| Why does body temperature affect the rate of development in animals? |
|
Definition
Temperature affects metabolism
Enzymes also affect metabolism
Temperature affects enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't interbreeding take place between different species? |
|
Definition
Different species are re-productively isolated
Different breeding times
Different courtship behavior
Incompatible genitalia
Breeding between species result in infertile offspring |
|
|
Term
| How could global warming affect cold temperature environment animals? |
|
Definition
Global warming will increase the temperature
Too high temperature may be above the lethal limit
Species will move to cooler regions
Causing change in food source, competition and predators |
|
|
Term
| Explain why LIR stage cannot take place without LDR stage (photosynthesis) |
|
Definition
Products of LDR is needed for the LIRs Calvin cycle
Products of LDR are NADPH and ATP
NADPH is needed for reducing CO2
ATP used as a source of energy |
|
|
Term
| What are abiotic factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term succession? |
|
Definition
A sequence of changes in a community over a period of time
Species replace/succeed each other gradually |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term climax community? |
|
Definition
The final stage of a community - end of succession
The community is stable and self-sustaining |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to conserve rare/endangered plants? |
|
Definition
Conserving genetc diversity
Prevents extinction
Plants may be useful
Other animals may rely on the plant as a food source |
|
|
Term
| If a bunch of people separate themselves in a straight line a set distance apart and measured a animal what kind of method was used to collect the data? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why could a protected reserve be more successful for conservation than a captive breeding program? |
|
Definition
Less stress for animals
Animals more likely to breed in natural environment
Animals require a large area
No problem with releasing animals back into the wild
Disease won't wipe out a population
Natural communities exist
Natural behavior is allowed
Natural diet available |
|
|
Term
| How could the time of death of a body be determined if it was found a week after death? |
|
Definition
Forensic entomology is used on the insects found on the body such as flies
The number of species and life cycle stage of insect is used
The bodys stage of decomposition such as producing gas
Rate of insect development and decomposition is influenced by external factors and considered
The two used to determine time of death |
|
|
Term
| A simple organism contains a cell wall, chloroplast, nucleus and cytoplasm. What two of these features would shows it is a eukaryote? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How could a single cell develop into a colony? |
|
Definition
Mitosis and cytokinesis causes the cells to divide into 2
When this is repeated many times a colony of cells are made |
|
|
Term
| Name a biotic factor for lichen and explain its effect? |
|
Definition
Grazers = lower no. lichen = being eaten
Disease on trees = lower no. lichen = smaller habitat
Lichen disease = lower no. lichen = being destroyed
Competition = lower no. lichen = less resources |
|
|
Term
| What part of the chloroplast does this reaction occur? ADP + Pi -> ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the chloroplast does this reaction occur? RuBP + CO2 -> 2GP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the chloroplast does this reaction occur? 2GP -> 2GALP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADP + Pi -> ATP What is the name of this reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RuBP + CO2 -> 2GP What enzyme is involved in this reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can GALP be used to synthesise cellulose? |
|
Definition
GALP is converted to glucose
Beta glucose is bonded by glycosidic bonds (1,4 bonds)
Bonds are formed by condensation
Creating a straight unbranched change of glucose |
|
|
Term
| Why may the production biofuels not be carbon neutral? |
|
Definition
Biofuel production may result in more CO2 in the atmosphere
Forests are carbon stores
Deforestation increases CO2 levels
Less plants means less CO2 is removed by photosynthesis
Burning trees produce CO2
Machinery and lorries produce CO2 from petrol
Burning biofuels produce CO2 |
|
|
Term
| How does combustion lead to global warming? |
|
Definition
CO2 a greenhouse gas is produced
Gas builds up a layer in the atmosphere
It absorbs IR reflected from Earths surface
Increase levels of gas increase greenhouse effect
Temperature of Earths surface increases |
|
|
Term
| What is the relation GPP in an equation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is NPP useful for cow farmers? |
|
Definition
Cattle are primary consumers
They gain energy from NPP
Grassland grazing capacity is needed (amount of NPP available)
More NPP will increase the amount of meat production |
|
|
Term
| Why are the units for NPP better in years than a single day? |
|
Definition
NPP varies over short periods of time
Whole year gives a fair average |
|
|
Term
| How does skin flora protect the body from infection? |
|
Definition
Skin flora prevent growth of pathogens
Creating competition for space
They also release chemicals that kill pathogens |
|
|
Term
| How do skin flora lipids protect the body from infection? |
|
Definition
| They have antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the skin protein which forms a barrier the entry of microorganisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure and properties of fibrous proteins |
|
Definition
Mainly made of secondary structure protein
Made up of long polypeptides cross-linked together
They are insoluble and strong |
|
|
Term
| Describe the roles of the antisense DNA strand and mRNA in determining the primary structure of a protein |
|
Definition
DNA contains the genetic code used as a template
The DNA strand is used in transcription to make mRNA
mRNA is a copy of the DNA
mRNA carries the information out of the nucleus to the ribosomes
Forming amino acids arranged in sequence |
|
|
Term
| How do oceans remove CO2 from the air? |
|
Definition
CO2 is dissolved in the water
It is used in the LIR by photosynthesis of algae |
|
|
Term
| How is CO2 returned to the air by oceans? |
|
Definition
Respiration
or
Decomposition |
|
|
Term
| What gases are produce from burning fossil fuels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of bacteria in decomposition? |
|
Definition
Bacteria produce digestive enzymes
Allows them to breakdown organic matter
Releases CO2 from respiration |
|
|
Term
| What reaction in plants use CO2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why could there be more carbon entering the air than leaving it? |
|
Definition
Rate of production of CO2 is greater than rate of removal of CO2
Using fossil fuels release CO2
Carbon in fossil fuels was removed from the air years ago
Deforestation results in less photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| How can future information be made from a graph? |
|
Definition
| A line of best fit is extrapolated |
|
|
Term
| What is the meaning of phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
Binding of bacteria to a phagocyte
Bacteria is engulfed by phagocyte
Bacteria is held inside a vacuole and destroyed by vesicles |
|
|
Term
| What is the meaning of non-specific response? |
|
Definition
Body reacts to a bacteria
Response is not dependent on specific bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What is the meaning of infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the reaction converting ADP to ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the reaction converting ATP to ADP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two organelles which form ATP? |
|
Definition
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
| Why does TB cause breathing problems, coughing and coughing up blood? |
|
Definition
Alveoli have been destroyed by tubercles
Tubercles have reduced the surface area of the lung
Breathing problems due to reduced gas exchange
Coughing is to remove the dead tissue
Bloody coughs is due to damage of blood vessls |
|
|
Term
| How can natural selection result in an increase in antibiotic resistance? |
|
Definition
Bacteria have a mutated gene
Usage of antibiotic acts as a selection pressure
Allele for resistance is passed on
Bacteria divide by asexual reproduction
Increasing the allele frequency
More resistant bacteria available, more likely new strains will acquire resistance gene |
|
|
Term
| How can hospitals prevent antibiotic resistant TB? |
|
Definition
Hospital has a code of conduct
Antibiotics are used appropriately and only when necessary
The full course of antibiotics must be taken
Hands should be washed regularly |
|
|
Term
| Why is ambient temperature and core body temperature used to determine time of death? |
|
Definition
Body temp changes after deaths
Core temperature depends on ambient temperature
Decomposition and rigor mortis also depend on ambient temperature |
|
|
Term
| How could a change in being naked, lying stretched out and in still air affect the estimated time of death? |
|
Definition
Being clothed the estimate would be too short
Clothing reduces heat loss
Clothing insulates the body
If the body was curled up the estimate would be too short
Curling up reduces heat loss as the surface area is smaller
Moving air causes the estimate to be too long
Moving air speeds up heat loss |
|
|
Term
| Explain the meaning of the term global warming? |
|
Definition
| Gradual increase in average temperature of Earths surface |
|
|
Term
| Describe/explain how global warming could affect plant species |
|
Definition
Extinction of a species
Changing in distribution of plants
Changes in the number of plants
Changes in rainfall patterns
Change in growing seasons
Temperature may be too hot for some species
Increase CO2 results in more photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| Explain how the effects on plants could affect animals |
|
Definition
Reduction of herbivore
Resulting in reduction of predator
Change in distribution of plants changes distribution of herbivores
Loss of habitat decreases breeding rate
Loss of shelter provides more food for predators (increase in size) |
|
|
Term
| Why don't people believe in future generations being harmed by global warming? |
|
Definition
We can only make predictions about the future
Scientists present different views about global warming
Some people don't believe in global warming as they don't want it to affect their lifestyle
People think that a global warming solution will be found
Some people do not want to think about the future |
|
|
Term
| What is the units for NPP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between NPP, R and GPP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How could the depth of a lake affect NPP? |
|
Definition
Light is reduced by the deeper water
CO2 level may be lower deeper down
Temperature may be lower deeper down
Reduced photosynthesis due to these factors
Less glucose is produced to convert into biomass/NPP
GPP goes down but respiration stays the same |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of light in photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
Light excites electrons from chlorophyll
This generates ATP energy
Light is used for photolysis to breakdown water
Electrons from photolysis replace electrons lost by chlorophyll
This produces H+
ATP and NADPH are needed in light-independent reactions
ATP and NADPH used to produce GALP from GP |
|
|
Term
| What polysaccharides are found in plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is carbon in polysaccharides returned to the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
Polysaccharides are decomposed by microorganisms
This is done by the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds
Monosaccharides are respired releasing CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of a virus? |
|
Definition
Contains nucleic acid either single or double stranded
Covered in a capsid
A envelope may be present
Some viruses contain enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a delay before the number of virus particles increase? |
|
Definition
| The viral proteins are being synthesised and the virus is being assembled |
|
|
Term
| What does the interferon do? |
|
Definition
Interferons inhibit viral replication
Interferon prevents attachment of virus to cells
This stops cells from being infected |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a delay before the level of antibodies rise? |
|
Definition
Primary response occurs
Antigen has to attach to B cells
T helper cells are needed to activate B cells
T helper cells have to be activated before they activate B cells
B cells differentiate into plasma cells
Antibodies are secreted from plasma cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the three domains? |
|
Definition
| Archaea, eukaryota, bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Organsims can be classified as belonging to a domain using? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures are found in cyanobacteria? |
|
Definition
| Smalls ribosomes and a loop of DNA |
|
|
Term
| What bonds hold together mononucleotides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are phosphodiester bonds between? |
|
Definition
| Deoxyribose sugar and one phosphate group |
|
|
Term
| How could two species in the same area evolve from a common ancestor? |
|
Definition
Natural selection occurs
A mutation in gene coding for shape change
Shape change resulted in better adaption
Alleles for shape passed onto offspring
Creating a change in allele frequency
Different selection pressures due to change
Causes reproductive isolation |
|
|
Term
| How can two species occupy the same area? |
|
Definition
Each species eats different food
They occupy different niches |
|
|
Term
| Explain the term infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does gut flora protect the body from infection? |
|
Definition
Gut flora kill pathogens
They compete for space and release chemicals destroying pathogens |
|
|
Term
| Explain the term antibiotic |
|
Definition
| Substance produced by microorganisms that kills pathogens |
|
|
Term
| How could a climax community develop? |
|
Definition
There will be taller plants as the soil becomes deeper
Taller plants outcompete the lower growing plants
Trees will become the dominant species |
|
|
Term
| How do the properties of the cell membrane enable a yeast cell to form a bud? |
|
Definition
The membrane is fluid
Fluidity allows membrane to change shape
Membrane can fuse |
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Term
| Explain the role of the cell cycle in yeast budding |
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Definition
DNA is synthesised
Mitosis is needed to produce new nucleus
Mitosis will mean the bud will have the same DNA
Cell division causes the bud to seperate
Cytoplasm increases for the synthesis of more organelles |
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Term
| Why may there be more HIV positive people than recorded on data? |
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Definition
Patients do not want to admit having HIV
Patients do not know that they are infected |
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Term
| How can hospital codes of practice reduce antibiotic resistance? |
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Definition
Antibiotics should be given to patients
Patients should take the full course of antibiotics
Hand washing and screening can also reduce resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| A fixed area sampling device |
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Term
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Definition
| A path along which occurrences of things are recorded |
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