Term
| This disease can go from sylvatic to urban but NOT urban to sylvatic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A young patient is shorter than she should be for her age and has clubbing of her fingers. What parasite might she have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About 800 million people are infected with this parasite worldwide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The egg of this parasite takes 21 days to embryonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose if an individual has Trichuris trichiura? What drug might treat this parasite? |
|
Definition
Fecal examination looking for eggs
Albendazole |
|
|
Term
| Why did the elite have higher incidences of Yersinia pestis than the peasants in the mid-1300s? |
|
Definition
| The elite had enough money to eat lots of meat and the Yersinia pestis bacteria (black death) loves iron. The peasants rarely had access to such foods. |
|
|
Term
| This is the parasite that transmits trench fever |
|
Definition
| Pediculus humanus humanus |
|
|
Term
| This parasite attaches its eggs to the clothing of an individual |
|
Definition
| Pediculus humanus humanus |
|
|
Term
| The principle host of this pathogen is birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vector for this is the culex mosquito and there is no treatment for this zoonotic pathogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principle host for this pathogen is the chipmunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vector for this pathogen is Aedes triseriatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite attaches to pubic hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite is transmitted by sexual contact but does not transmit any diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vector for this parasite is mansonia crassipes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite is found in SE Asia and while its primary host is humans, cats and monkeys can be reservoir hosts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the bacteria responsible for lyme disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vector for this pathogen is Ixodes scapularis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have a patient presenting with a fever and a bullseye lesion on their right leg. What pathogen might they have? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Your daughter comes home from school with a scratchy scalp and upon further investigation you spot nits attached to her hair. What does she have? Do you have to worry about it transmitting any diseases? |
|
Definition
Pediculus humanus capitis
No |
|
|
Term
| The vector for this parasite is Aedes trivittatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite infects the malpighian tubules of its mosquito vector |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Your dog starts having respiratory problems and is showing signs of ascites. What might he have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dog heart worm
How you you prevent it? |
|
Definition
Dirofilaria immitis
DEC daily or Ivermectin once a month |
|
|
Term
| This life cycle of this parasite has a sausage stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vector for this pathogen is Aedes aegypti |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This virus is strictly a human virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When infected with what pathogen should you not take Aspirin? Why? |
|
Definition
Dengue fever
it's a blood thinner |
|
|
Term
| This vector for this pathogen is Xenopsylla cheopis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species does Xenopsylla cheopis feed on normally? Why does it jump to humans? |
|
Definition
Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus
Jump to humans because Yersinia pestis kills all of the rats and humans are the next closest blood meal |
|
|
Term
| The parasite that transmits Borrelia bergdorferi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This mosquito lays its eggs in a raft conformation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This mosquito lays its eggs on the water edge |
|
Definition
| Aedes (flood water mosquito) |
|
|
Term
| This mosquito lays one egg at a time on the water surface |
|
Definition
| Anopheles (dappled winged mosquito) |
|
|
Term
| The larvae of this mosquito lays flat on the water surface |
|
Definition
| Anopheles (dappled winged mosquito) |
|
|
Term
| The condition where a tick is in your ear canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Family that includes the hard ticks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite can infect pups still in the uterus in dogs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite is also called the "new world" hookworm. It has a cutting plate. |
|
Definition
Necator americanus
(similar to Ancylostoma duodenale) |
|
|
Term
| This parasite infects dogs and has 2 pairs of 3 teeth |
|
Definition
Ancylostoma caninium
(similar to Ancylostoma duodenale) |
|
|
Term
| This parasite is also called the "old world" hookworm. It has 2 teeth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Ancylostoma duodenale? |
|
Definition
| Fecal examination looking for eggs |
|
|
Term
| The common name for this parasite is the pinworm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You've noticed that your son has been itching his butt a lot recently. What parasite might he have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite can be transmitted through a hand-to-mouth cycle, inhaling eggs, or autoinfection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The egg of this parasite is particularly fragile. Controlled heating helps its prevalence in homes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order and family in which the mosquito belongs? |
|
Definition
Order diptera
Family culicidae |
|
|
Term
| The condition caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The diagnosis for this condition used to involve bleeding at night to look for microfilari, now they use antigen detection kits. |
|
Definition
| Lymphatic filariasis from W. bancrofti, B. malayi, and B. timori |
|
|
Term
| The main symptoms of this pathogen are lymphedema and secondary infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite infects humans in addition to bats and chickens and transmits no diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order and family of Cimex lectularis |
|
Definition
Order Hemiptera
Family cimicidae |
|
|
Term
| This parasite can only be transmitted if the principle host (rodent) is eaten |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite lives in the liver of rodents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vector for this parasite is Culex pipiens, Anopheles gambiae, or Aedes polynesiensis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite affects people living in Africa, S. America, and Oceana and is responsible for 90% of the world's cases of lymphatic filariasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The infective stage is called the cystacanth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The males in this group plug the females with "cement" after mating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite affects water fowl and fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your children play in the sandbox in your backyard often and have recently began get red squiggly rashes on their legs. Your doctor asks if there are any cats in your neighborhood. What parasite does the doctor think your children has? What condition have they developed? |
|
Definition
Ancylostoma braziliense
cutaneous larva migrans |
|
|
Term
| What four parasites can cause visceral larva migrans in humans? |
|
Definition
Toxocara canis
Baylisascaris
Toxocara cati
Ascaris suum |
|
|
Term
| What parasites can cause cutaneous visceral migrans in humans? |
|
Definition
Ancylostoma braziliense (most common)
Ancylostoma caninium |
|
|
Term
| The only way to diagnose this parasite is with a muscle biopsy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite institutes nurse cells in muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The male parasites of this infection are excreted in the feces while the females remain in the intestine to produce eggs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What whipworm can humans get from eating raw pork? Can we transmit the parasites to anyone else? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
Trichinella spiralis
No- can only be transmitted by eating an infected animal, humans aren't normally eaten |
|
|
Term
| The fleas belong in what order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This order of parasites are laterally compressed and both the males and the females blood feed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The larva of these parasites do not blood feed, but instead eat anything organic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vector for this parasite is simulium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only way to diagnose this parasite is to do a skin snip looking for microfilari |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have one patient from Latin America with a nodule on his head and another patient from Africa with a nodule on his leg. You suspect the same parasite for both, what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The symptoms of this parasite are nodules under the skin, elephant skin, and massive secondary infections. What parasite is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hookworm of cats that cannot infect kittens in-utero |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite uses aquatic worms as its intermediate host and anything that eats fish as a principle host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The eggs of the parasite are passed in the urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are performing a necropsy on a dog that died mysteriously. Upon kidney inspection you see a clump bright red whip worms only surrounding the right kidney. What parasite is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite can either be parasitic or free living |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The females of the parasite do not require sperm to reproduce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite infects humans, primates, dogs, and cats. Sometimes you can get a deseminated infection and get severe bacterial infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Strongyloides stercorals? |
|
Definition
| cannot use a sugar solution like looking for eggs (this parasite releases L1 into the feces) so you MUST do a fecal smear |
|
|
Term
| This is the most common flea in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have a patient that has large blisters on her legs and you advise her not to go into any water. What parasite is it and why did you advise that? |
|
Definition
Drancunculus medinensis
The blisters will burst in water and female worm will release millions of larvae |
|
|
Term
| This parasite uses cyclops as an intermediate host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat drancunculus medinensis? |
|
Definition
| Removal of the female worm from blisters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parasite transmits rocky mountain spotted fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that need a blood meal before can lay eggs (most) |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that need a blood meal before can lay eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that do not need a blood meal before can lay eggs (few) |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that do not need a blood meal before can lay eggs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed on birds |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that feed on birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed on mammals |
|
|
Term
| mosquitoes that feed on mammals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed on humans |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that feed on humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed indoors (Anopheles gambiae) |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that feed indoors (Anopheles gambiae as an example) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed outdoors |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that feed outdoors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed at dusk/dawn |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that feed at dusk/dawn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mosquitoes that feed at night |
|
|
Term
| Mosquitoes that feed at night |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three types of Yersinia pestis |
|
Definition
bubonic plague- in lymphocytes
Septicemic plague- in blood system
Pneumonic plague- in lungs |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis and treatment of yersinia pestis |
|
Definition
Diagnosis: antigen assay
Treatment: antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Trichuris trichiura |
|
Definition
| adult in large intestine of human-->eggs go out in the feces-->eggs embryonate-->human ingests eggs |
|
|
Term
| Describe the eggs of Trichuris trichiura |
|
Definition
Takes 21 days to embryonate
extremely fragile |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms associated with Trichuris trichiura |
|
Definition
| anemia, mental/physical growth retardation, diarrhea, finger clubbing, rectal prolapse |
|
|
Term
| name the three pathogens that can be transmitted by pediculus humanus humanus |
|
Definition
| Trench fever, louse borne typhus, louse borne relapsing fever |
|
|
Term
| How is the bacteria that causes trench fever transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Pediculus humanus humanus leaves feces on the skin and the host scratches it into their skin. Bacteria is in feces. |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for West nile virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for LaCrosse encephalitis? |
|
Definition
| Aedes triseriatus (tree hole mosquito) |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle host for LaCrosse encephalitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three ways LaCrosse encephalitis can be transmitted between mosquitoes? |
|
Definition
1. Transovarial
2. Transstadial
3. male mosquitoes infect female mosquitoes |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Brugia malayi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Borrelia burgdorferi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted? |
|
Definition
NO transovarial transmission
Nymphs pass it to humans (adults stick to mice) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms associated with borrelia burgdorferi |
|
Definition
| bullseye lesion, fever, inflammation at bite, joint pain... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Dirofilaria immitis |
|
Definition
| adult worms in heart of dog, adults produce microfilari (mf), mf circulate in blood, mosquito bites, from gut of mosquito migrate to malpighian tubules (kidneys), go to distal end and penetrate cells, develop into L1 (sausage stage), develop into L2 (gain mouth parts), in 12 days develop into L3, L3 break out of cell and migrate to mouthparts, mosquito bites a dog, L3 gets in subcutaneous tissue, develops to L4, L4 migrates to heart, doesn't develop into adult for 6 months |
|
|
Term
| Pathology associated with Dirofilaria immitis |
|
Definition
| respiratory problems, ascites (fluid build up) |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Dirofilaria immitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Dengue fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Yersinia pestis? |
|
Definition
| Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea) |
|
|
Term
| What is the transmission route for yersinia pestis? |
|
Definition
| Flea takes a blood meal from an infected rat, bacteria replicates in the gut, build up of bacteria blocks digestive tract and causes the flea to go for another blood meal, when take blood meal tract is blocked so vomits back blood and bacteria along with it |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis |
|
Definition
| female lays eggs in posterior end of the gut or can crawl out of anus and lay eggs on the perinium, host scratches, puts hand in mouth (hand-to-mouth cycle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| females lay eggs in water, eggs hatch (larvae called wigglers), 3 molts, 4 instars, 4th instar pupates into pupa (called tumbler), develop into adult, gets blood meal after 2/3 days |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of parasites that cause Lymphatic filariasis |
|
Definition
| adults in lymphatics of human, worms mate, adults produce microfilari (mf), mf migrate to lymph then to the blood, mosquito bites, mf penetrate gut of mosquito, mf migrate to thoracic muscles of mosquito, mf molt L1, L2, L3, L3 migrates to proboscis, mosquito bites human |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Lymphatic filariasis? |
|
Definition
Old method: bleed at night and look for microfilari
New method: antigen based detection kits looking for antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of capillaria hepatica |
|
Definition
| adult worm in parenchyma of rodent liver, rodent eaten by carnivore, eggs passed in the feces of carnivore, rats eat feces |
|
|
Term
| Sexual dimorphism in Wuchereria bancrofti |
|
Definition
females: long and slender with round ends
males: short with curved end |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti? |
|
Definition
| Culex pipiens, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes polynesiensis |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of parasites in the order Ancanthocephala |
|
Definition
| Adults in the definitive host, eggs out in the feces, eggs ingested by arthropods, ancanthor develops in egg, ancanthor breaks out of gut into the body cavity, develop into ancanthella (feeding stage), develop into cystacanth (infective stage), arthropod eaten by definitive host (ducks, fish) |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Loa loa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Loa loa? |
|
Definition
| NO DEC! surgical removal of worms |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Ancylostoma duodenale |
|
Definition
| adults produce eggs in gut, eggs out in feces, hatch and develop into L1, L2, L3, L3 penetrate skin of definitive host, L3 goes through blood to the heart, goes to the lungs, gets coughed up, swallowed, and develops into an adult in the intestine |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Trichinella spiralis |
|
Definition
| human eats raw pig (larvae in muscle), larvae encyst in intestinal villi, worms mate, males go out in feces, females produce life larvae which go into the blood, larvae distribute to any muscle (prefer jaw, eye, diaphragm), larvae get into muscle cells and take over (nurse cells), nurse cell eaten |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 6 characteristics of siphonaptera |
|
Definition
1. they are ectoparasites
2. they are laterally compressed
3. both male and females blood feed
4. larvae do not blood feed but will eat anything organic
5. eggs develop off the host
6. larvae only emerge when detect host near (CO2 levels) |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Onchocerca volvulus? |
|
Definition
| Simuliidae simulium (black fly) |
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus? |
|
Definition
| adults in nodules under the skin, they produce microfilari (mf), mf crawl around under the skin, black fly bites, mf go to gut of black fly, molt L1, L2, L3, L3 migrates to mouth parts, black fly bites human |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Onchocerca volvulus? |
|
Definition
| Skin snip looking for microfilari |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathology associated with Onchocerca volvulus? |
|
Definition
| secondary infections, loss of skin elasticity, tissue discoloration, elephant skin |
|
|
Term
| What disease does Onchocerca volvulus cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
Definition
| adults in the gut, produce eggs, eggs out in feces, eggs embryonate, definitive host eats the eggs, larvae penetrate the intestinal wall, larvae get into hepatic system, go to lungs, molt a few times, get coughed up, swallowed, back to gut, develop into adult |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Dioctophme renale |
|
Definition
| eggs pass in urine and HAVE to get into water, eggs eaten by aquatic worms, larvae develop in aquatic worm and become infective, fish eats worms, fish eaten by definitive host |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Strongyloides stercorals |
|
Definition
| adults in intestine, produce eggs, eggs hatch IN intestine, L1 go out in feces, from here can go one of two ways: 1. L1 can develop to L2, L3, L4, adult (cycle starts over IN SOIL) or 2. L1 can develop to L2, L3, L3 can penetrate skin of human, go into blood, to the heart, to the lungs, get coughed up, swallowed, back to the gut, develop into adult |
|
|
Term
| How does the life cycle of Strongyloides stercorals differ if it's in an immuno-incompetent host? |
|
Definition
| Larvae in intestine never leave in feces and mold 2x to become L3 (autoinfection) |
|
|
Term
| What happens if Stronyloides stercorals gets out of intestine? |
|
Definition
| Larvae can migrate out of intestine to other tissues and bring bacteria from the gut with them (massive bacterial infections- can be fatal) |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Strongyloides stercorals? |
|
Definition
| fecal SMEAR looking for L1 |
|
|
Term
| what is the common name of Drancunculus medinensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Drancunculus medinensis? |
|
Definition
| adults in legs of host right under the skin, larvae build up in the uterus of the female worm, causes massive allergic reaction and forms blister, host goes into the water, blister burst, females release millions of larvae, larvae eaten by cyclops copopod, human drinks the water |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Drancunculus medinensis? |
|
Definition
| remove female from blister |
|
|
