Term
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Definition
Common Name: Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Dog & Cat
Intermediate Host: Flea
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine (18-20" long)
Transmission: Eggs in proglottids passed in feces -> Eggs eaten by flea larva -> flea eaten by dog or cat -> adults in small intestine
Control: With anthelmintics and flea control |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Ruminants
Intermediate Hosts: Forage Mites
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine (less than or equal to 2 meters long)
Transmission: Gravid proglottids in manure -> eaten by forage mite -> forage mite eaten by ruminant -> grow to adults in small intestine
Control: through natural elimination or routine anthelmintic therapy |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Equine
Intermediate Host: Forage Mites
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine (9-80cm) or Ileocecal Valve (less then 8cm)
Transmission: gravid proglottids in maure -> eaten by forage mite -> forage mite eaten by horse -> then grows into adult in predilection site
Control: Pyrantel Pamoate/Tartrate (single dose 87% effective, may require repeat dosing). 24-48 Post Deworming is optimal time to diagnose |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Host specific (cats, dogs, ruminants, humans)
Intermediate Host: Species specific (rabbits for dogs, rodents for cats, human cysticercosis from human fecal contamination of foods)
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine
Transmission: gravid proglottids in hosts feces -> eggs eaten by intermediate host -> intermediate host eaten by host -> then to small intestine
Control: anthelmintic therapy as needed, no predation |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Dogs and Cats
Intermediate Hosts: mammals including humans
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine
Ova Identification: by Taenid Type
Transmission: Taenid eggs in feces -> eggs eaten by mammal -> mammal dies/killed and eaten by host -> adults in small intestine of host |
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Term
| Disease and Control of Echinococcus |
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Definition
Disease of Intermediate Host:
Hydatid cysts and Alveolar hydatids (death of intermediate host in 2-3years)
Control:
Anthelmintics, Recheck, Prohibit Predation
Human Safety:
Laboratory, Necropsy, Enema admin., Kennel
Autoclave
Beware of Taenid type ova (especially in absence of taenia proglottids) |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Cats, Dogs, Mustelids, and rarely Humans
Intermediate Hosts: 1) Arthropod 2) Vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians)
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Broadfish Tapeworm
Definitive Hosts: Human
Intermediate Hosts: 1) Crayfish 2) Fish (infective)
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine (ovapore, proglottid ribbons)
Transmission: Eggs in water -> Eggs hatch in water -> Larvae eaten by crustacean -> Crustacean eaten by fish -> Fish eaten by person -> adults in person's small intestine
Clinical Signs: weight loss, B12 deficiency in man (resembles pernicious anemia)
Control: anthelmintics, freshwater fish should be frozen and/or fully cooked, sewage treatment & management (prevent contamination of crustaceans and fish) |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Liver Fluke
Definitive Hosts: domestic ruminants
Intermediate Hosts: Snails
Adult Predilection Site: bile ducts
Disease: severity depends on quantity ingested. Acute, subacute, and chronic fascioliasis. Acute = high number consumed over a short time (abdominal pain, death, hemorrhage). Subacute = moderate to large amount consumed over a longer period of time (inflammation of the liver and bile ducts). Chronic = low to moderate amount consumed over a longer period of time (anemia, weight loss, hepatic fibrosis)
Transmission: eggs passed in feces -> miracidia develop in eggs -> miracdia hatch from eggs -> enter and develop in snail (by foot) -> many cercaria leave snail -> metacercaria encysted on grasses -> metacercaria get eaten -> adult flukes live in bile ducts
Control: semiannual deworming, pasture selection (high and dry), NO alternate grazing |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Deer Liver Fluke
Definitive Host: White tail deer
Adult Predilection Site: hepatic cysts in the white tail deer, endless wandering in domestic ruminants
Disease: death, liver fibrosis and scaring
Transmission: eggs passed in feces -> Miracidia develop in eggs -> miracidia hatch from eggs -> enter and develop in snail -> many cercaria leave snail -> encysts on grasses -> eaten by ruminants or deer -> dead end in ruminants
Control: deer control (difficult), anthelmintics, pasture selection (high and dry) |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: Intestinal Fluke
Definitive Host: Dog, Cat, Humans
Intermediate Host 1: Snails
Intermediate Host 2: Tadpole/frogs
Paratenic Hosts: frogs, snakes, rodents
Adult Predilection Site: Small Intestine
Transmission: eggs in feces -> miracidia develop in eggs then hatch -> enter and develop in snail -> cercaria leave snail -> mesocercaria in tadpoles/frogs -> either get eaten directly or eaten by paratenic host first, then paratenic host gets eaten -> metacercarial migration through lungs -> adults in small intestine
Disease: severe pulmonary damage and hemorrhage
Control: anthelmintics, avoidance, thoroughly cook frog's legs (and other paratenic meat sources) |
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Term
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Definition
Common Name: lung fluke
Definitive hosts: humans, dogs, cats, and other carnivores
Intermediate host 1: snails
Intermediate host 2: fresh water crustaceans
Adult predilection site: lungs
Transmission: eggs in feces -> miracidia develop then hatch -> enter snail and develop further -> cercaria leave snail -> get eaten by crustacean -> crustacean eaten by carnivore -> adults create cysts in lungs, get coughed up, and then swallowed where they go to the small intestine
Control: anthelmintics, avoidance, cook freshwater crustaceans well |
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Term
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Definition
Definitive Hosts: herbivores
Predilection Site: enteric mucosa, liver
Control: sanitation/husbandry, avoid overcrowding, coccidiostats (however not in horses, toxic) |
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Term
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Definition
Definitive Hosts: omnivores and carnivores
Predilection Site: enteric mucosa
Paratenic Hosts: only in felis species it would be rodents and birds
Control: sanitation/husbandry, pest control, coccidiostats (sulfonamides) usually for symptomatic patients |
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