Term
| Name the 3 major components of PNS; where they synapse; what type of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
1. Autonomic;peripheral ganglia; SEVERAL
2. MOTOR; ventral horn; CHOLINERGIC
3. SENSORY; dorsat root ganglia; NEUROPEPTIDES |
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Term
| Name the 3 divisions of ANS; and neurotransmitters |
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Definition
1. sympathetic adrenergic + cholinergic
2. parasympathetic: cholinergic
3. enteric: several |
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Term
| all ANS preganglionic fibers are BLANK transmission |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is echothiophate used for? |
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Definition
| long lasting AChE inhibition in the treatment of glaucoma |
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Term
| where are SNS preganglionic neurons |
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Definition
| thoracolumbar spinal cord |
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Term
| where do postganglionic PNS neurons reside? |
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Definition
| ganglia adjacent to the tissues they innervate. USE ACh |
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Term
| how is acetylcholine generated? |
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Definition
| one step biosynthetic reaction resulting in the acetylation of choline |
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Term
| what enzyme catalyzes the acetylation of choline? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is ChAT specifically expressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What limits the production of ACh |
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Definition
| the availability of Choline (NOT the activity of ChAT) |
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Term
| How is choline recycled after ACh has been released and degraded? |
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Definition
| Cholinergic neurons express a high affinity choline transporter--thus the more actuve the neurons are, the more choline is generated for reuptake and the mmore ACh is synthesized. |
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Term
| Additional choline may be generated from what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a specific blocker of the high affinity choline transporter. It will eventually deplete ACh stores. |
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Term
| Once ACh is synthesized, how is it transported into synaptic vesicles? |
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Definition
| via the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) expressed exclusively in cholinergic neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a specific blocker of VAChT--it depletes ACh stores. |
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Term
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Definition
| by producing toxins that enter cholinergic nerve terminals, it inactivatees neurotransmission. |
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Term
| Once ACh is released, how is its action terminated? |
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Definition
| via its breakdown into choline and acetate by AChE |
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Term
| Are reversible or irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors used theraputically? |
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Definition
| reversible. irreversible are used as insecticides and nerve gas |
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Term
| What do M1,3,5 receptors do? |
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Definition
Muscarinic Receptors M1,3,5 stimulate phospholipase C and then protein kinase C via Gq.
EXCITE via M1 class |
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Term
| What do M2, 4 receptors do? |
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Definition
Muscarinic Receptors M2,4 inhibit via Gi or Go adenylyl cyclase and thus oppose actions of other stimulatory receptors (such as Beta adrenergic receptors in the heart)
ALSO: activate K+ channels via Bgamma subunits to inhibit electrical excitation |
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Term
| what are Nicotinic AChRs? |
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Definition
| pentameric ligan-gated cation channels that mediate fast excitation |
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Term
| How does signaling through receptors that couple Gi/o work? |
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Definition
| they exert dual inhibition on neurons and secretory cells by reducing their firing rate and diminishing the amount of transmitter release per impulse. |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the EYE? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| constriction of pupil (miosis) AND visual accommodation;;done by sphincter muscle of iris AND ciliary muscle of iris |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the HEART? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| decrease in heart rate;; slowing of SA and AV nodes |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the LUNG? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| constriction of the airway;;bronchial smooth muscle |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the GUT? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| digestion;; increased motility and tone |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the PENIS? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| nitric oxide mediated venous occlusion |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (secretory) effects of the EYE? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the AIRWAYS? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| mucous secretion;;nasopharyngeal glands and bronchial glands |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the MOUTH? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| mucous secretion;;parotid, sublingual, and submax glands |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the GUT? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| digestion' mucous glands and protease secretion |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the GALL BLADDER? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| digestion'' secretion of bile acid |
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Term
| what are the parasympathetic (nonsecretory) effects of the RECTUM? what are the mediators? |
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Definition
| defecation;; (colonic contraction (M1)), (sphincter relaxation (M2)) |
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Term
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Definition
| urination;; detrusor contraction (M1), sphincter relaxation (M2) |
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Term
| Signaling at the NMJ iis fast or slow? what is it mediated by? |
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Definition
| fast! mediated by the nicotinic ACh receptor ion channels |
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Term
| What is M2 the predominant receptor of? |
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Definition
| it mediates pSNS regulation of the heart. |
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Term
| What is M3 the predom. receptor of? |
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Definition
| M3 mediates the parasympathetic secretion and smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the EYE will cause what? |
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Definition
| mydriasis, cycloplegia, and dry eye. PSNS |
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the HEART will cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the vasculature will cause what? |
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Definition
| Hypotension, decreased venous return (SNS) (But not ACh. No ACh ternminals in vasculature) |
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the MOUTH will cause what? |
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Definition
| xerostomia (dry mouth); PSNS |
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the GUT will cause what? |
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Definition
| reduced motility and constipation (PSNS) |
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the Bladder will cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nicotinic blockade of the SWEAT GLANDS will cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they activate both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and are resistant to AChE |
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Term
| which ACh analog is most commonly used? What is it used for? |
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Definition
| Bethanechol is a stimulant for the GI tract or the bladder. |
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Term
| Name 2 NICOTINIC Cholinergic Agents, and what they are ued for |
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Definition
1. Succinylcholine (depolarizes blocker at NMJ)--short term reversiblee paralysis in anesthesia
2. Trimethaphan (neural antagonist at ganglis) reduces AUTONOMIC fuction (BP |
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