Term
| One of the risks with grazing forages is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first 2 chambers of stomach in ruminant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gases in the rumen are normally eliminated thru... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common type of bloating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where the foam in frothy or soapy bloat comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why weeds can induce bloating |
|
Definition
| Weeds at the vegetative stage have about 20% crude protein; this can induce bloating |
|
|
Term
| Froth in frothy or soapy bloating comes from... |
|
Definition
| “Fraction I” or 18S protein |
|
|
Term
| The fraction 1 fraction 2 stuff with proteins is based on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the enzyme responsible for C3 p’synth |
|
|
Term
| the enzyme responsible for C3 p’synth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how RUBISCO can cause bacterial bloom |
|
Definition
| The solubility of RUBISCO causes a bacterial bloom |
|
|
Term
| In severe bloat, the ______ is bloated |
|
Definition
rumen
this is ballooning of the rumen |
|
|
Term
| which side of a ruminant does the ballooning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some things animals do when bloating |
|
Definition
-Urinates and deficates frequently
-Animal bellows and staggers
-Animal eventually dies due to restricted breathing and heart failure |
|
|
Term
| Some plant factors that affect bloat |
|
Definition
-Species
-Stage of grwth
-Grwth rate
-Moisture |
|
|
Term
| some weather factors that affect bloat |
|
Definition
-Moderate day temp: 20-25 C
-Good rainfall
-High sunshine |
|
|
Term
| some animal factors that affect bloat |
|
Definition
-Genetic predisposition
-Hungry when exposed
-Legume sole diet
-No previous exposure
+Animals respond by exposure to species |
|
|
Term
| Hydrolyzable tannins have a ______ core |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how tannins can mitigate bloat |
|
Definition
| Larger amounts of tannins tie up some proteins |
|
|
Term
| Some management practices for preventing bloating |
|
Definition
-Provide animals fiber before turning them loose on the legumes
-Legumes providing no more than 50% of forage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bloat is a digestive disorder characterized by an accumulation of gas in the first two compartments of a ruminant's stomach (the rumen and reticulum) |
|
|
Term
| description of how pasture bloat can occur |
|
Definition
| Production of gas (primarily carbon dioxide and methane) is a normal result of fermentation processes. The gas is usually discharged by belching (erutication) but, if the animal is unable to remove the excess gas, pressure builds up in the rumen-reticulum exerting pressure on the diaphragm which prevents the animal from inhaling, and bloat occurs. |
|
|
Term
| gas discharge from ruminants under normal conditions |
|
Definition
Under normal conditions grazing high quality forage – produces 2 L gas/min (primarily carbon dioxide and methane), a normal result of fermentation processes.
Most of the gases are eliminated by eructation (belching). |
|
|
Term
| what causes bloat in ruminants? |
|
Definition
| Any interruption of this normal gas elimination results in gas accumulation or bloat |
|
|
Term
| The most common type of bloat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gas builds up in a foam or froth above the rumen contents and the normal belching is inhibited. |
|
|
Term
| Frothy bloat normally occurs in cattle eating ______ or ______ as well as in ______ cattle |
|
Definition
legumes
lush grasses
feedlot |
|
|
Term
| when froth builds in the rumen |
|
Definition
| when ruminants graze many legumes |
|
|
Term
| the froth in bloating comes from... |
|
Definition
| “Fraction I” or 18S protein |
|
|
Term
| the protein involved in frothy bloat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High solubility of RUBISCO results in... |
|
Definition
| a “bacterial bloom” of protein degrading microbes |
|
|
Term
| something that happens to the animal in severe bloat |
|
Definition
-the animal's rumen is distended by ballooning of the rumen,
-Urinates and defecates frequently,
-Bellows and staggers.
-Death, due to restricted breathing and heart failure unless action is taken. |
|
|
Term
| some bloat causing forages |
|
Definition
-Alfalfa
-Sweet clover
-Red clover
-White clover
-Alsike clover
-Winter wheat |
|
|
Term
| some low bloat risk forages |
|
Definition
-Arrowleaf clover
-Spring wheat
-Oats
-Rape
-Peren. ryegrass
-Berseem clover
-Persian clover |
|
|
Term
| some bloat-safe (no risk) forages |
|
Definition
-Sainfoin
-Birdsfoot trefoil
-Cicer milkvetch
-Crownvetch
-Lespedeza
-Cereal rye
-Most peren. grasses |
|
|
Term
| why Cicer milkvetch, Crownvetch, and Lespedeza are poor quality forages |
|
Definition
| because they contain certain types of tannins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ones where there's no glucose to which the phenolic compounds are attached |
|
|
Term
| some management practices to reduce bloat |
|
Definition
-Mixtures of legume and grass with legumes providing no more than 50% of the available forage
-Fill cattle on dry roughage or grass pasture before turning out on a legume pasture.
-Do not initially turn cattle on pasture wet with dew or rain.
-Once cattle are turned to pasture, don't remove at the first signs of bloat. Watch closely and remove only those whose condition continues to worsen if it is a small percentage of the total number.
-If green chop is being fed, spread the intake over several feedings while the cattle are getting adapted.
-Use mineral blocks with
+anti-foaming agent like poloxalene, which prevents pasture bloat for about 12 hours
+bloat-reducing compounds such as ionophores
--Rumensin (monensin)
--Bovatec (Lasalocid) |
|
|
Term
| how to mix forages to reduce bloat |
|
Definition
| Mixtures of legume and grass with legumes providing no more than 50% of the available forage |
|
|
Term
| what to give cattle before turning them loose on legumes to reduce bloat |
|
Definition
| dry roughage or grass pasture |
|
|
Term
| remove cattle at first sign of bloat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when to remove bloating cattle from the forage |
|
Definition
| if there condition continues to worsen |
|
|
Term
| how to feed greenchop to cattle |
|
Definition
| If green chop is being fed, spread the intake over several feedings while the cattle are getting adapted. |
|
|
Term
| Use mineral blocks with... |
|
Definition
-anti-foaming agent like poloxalene, which prevents pasture bloat for about 12 hours
-bloat-reducing compounds such as ionophores
+Rumensin (monensin)
+Bovatec (Lasalocid) |
|
|
