Term
| Gastronintenstinal Tract and Accessory organs are part of this system? |
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Definition
| Gastrointestinal (GI) System |
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Term
| What are the 6 processes of the digestive system? |
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Definition
Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing and Propulsion
Digestion (mechanical and chemical)
Absorption
Defecation |
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Term
| What are the 4 layers of the GI Tract? |
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Definition
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa |
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Term
| These two plexus run (innervate) the GI tract? |
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Definition
Myenteric plexus
submucosal plexus |
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Term
| Which plexus controls the timing of the secretions within the GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Largest serous membrane of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| This covers the wall of abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| This covers some organs in the abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
some amount of serous fluid between two layers to all for the structures to move? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the cavity fills with fluid it is called this? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 5 Peritoneal Folds? |
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Definition
Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
Falciform ligament
Mesentary
Mesocolon |
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Term
| What is the largest peritoneal fold and covers the anterior abdomen (fat apron) |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the boundaries between teh left and right lobes of the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Liver is the only organ of digestion attached to anterio abdominal wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| This suspends the stomach adn duodenum from the liver and is the passage way of blood vessels to liver, hepatic portal vein etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is fan shaped and binds the jejenum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is actually two parts and holds transverse and sigmoid colons to posterior abdominal wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of the peritoneum and or serous membrane is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Opening from mouth into throat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parotids, submandibiors, sublinguals are all part of? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is 99.5% water, and lubricates, breaks down and dissolves food? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathetic stimulation products more or less salvia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic stimulation produces more or less saliva? |
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Definition
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Term
| These attack parotid glands and, approximately 30% of post puberty males testes become inflammed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Humans have this many sets of teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a collapsable tube, posterior to trachea,upper 1/3 skeletal muscle and the rest is smooth muscle? |
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Definition
Esophagus
(skeletal for swallowing and smooth for peristalisis) |
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Term
| This skeletal muscle acts to regulate teh movement of food from the pharynx into esphagus? |
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Definition
| Upper Esophageal Sphincter |
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of swallowing? |
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Definition
Voluntary-bolus (mouth into oropharynx)
Pharyngeal-involuntary bolus into esophagus
Esophageal- involuntary passage bolus esophagus to stomach |
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Term
| This is chest pain or feels like heart attack, caused by the lower sphincter fails to open? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cardia- surrounds the opening
Fundus-rounded superior part
Pylorus-attaches to duodenum
Rest of body- does most of the work |
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Term
| When the stomach is empty it is about the size of this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle fibers of sphincter fail to relax trapping food in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| Narrowing of sphincter indicated by projectile vomitting? |
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Definition
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Term
| The three layer of the stomach are to ensure? |
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Definition
| Adequate mechanical pressure, mixing of food contents and gastic juices |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 99% of Acini cells are found here? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of pancreas? |
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Definition
Pancreatitis
typically associated with alcohol about and occurs in adults 30-40 years of age |
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Term
| This is the 4th common death by cancer, has few symptoms and affects typically males over the age of 50? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the 2nd heaviest gland in the body, second to the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is pear shaped and hangs from anterior-inferior margin of the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two sources that blood gets to the liver? |
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Definition
Hepatic artery
Hepatic Portal vein |
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Term
| List the 8 functions of the liver? |
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Definition
carbohydrate metabolism
lipid metabolism
protein metabolism
storage
phagocytosis
removal of drug and hormones
Disgestion
Activation of vit.D |
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Term
| This is yellow colour to skin, caused by diseases? |
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Definition
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Term
| These types of stones are made from Cholestrol or Biliruben or a mixture of both? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 3 regions of the Small Intestines? |
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Definition
Duodenum (shortest)
Jejenum
Ileum (longest portion) |
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Term
| Most of the digestion happens here? |
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Definition
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Term
| This begins at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the ileocecal sphincter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Special cells of the small intestines are? |
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Definition
Malt areas- peyers patch
Intestinal glands- secrete intestinal juices |
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Term
| Secretes secretin (causes other cells to secrete bicarbonate and water)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secretes cholecystokinin- causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from pancreas and gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secretes glucose- dependent insulinotropic causind the release of insulin by pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is secreted by teh small intestine to break down lactose and is diagnosed by Hydrogen Breath Test? |
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Definition
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Term
| 90% of products are absorbed at this border and the remaining 10% in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| This extends from the ileum to the anus? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the opening between the ileum and the colon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sources of obstruction of the large intestines? |
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Definition
Feces, parasites, growths that clog
Enlarged lymph tissue
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Trauma to abdomen |
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Term
| What are polyps in the colon? |
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Definition
| extra pieces of tissue that grows in the body. could be cancerous usually do not cause symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Unpleasant sensation assocated with stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lower esophageal sphincter fails to relaxm food hindered from going to the stomach (feels like heartburn- painful) |
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Definition
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Term
| These are an erosion of lining of stomach or duodenum causing inflammation or ulcer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 complications with peptic ulcers? |
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Definition
hemorrage
obstruction
perforation (5% of cases) |
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Term
| What are the two most commom causes of peptic ulcers? |
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Definition
Helicobacter pylori infection (most common cause)
NSAIDS |
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Term
| These develop in response to extreme physiological stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is chronic and recurrant intestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities? |
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Definition
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
10-20% people are affected |
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Term
| This is a hallmark sign of abdominal pain relieved by defecation? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is diagnosed by abdominal pain/discomfort for at least 12 weeks out of 12 months? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases? |
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Definition
| Chrohns and Ulcerative Colitis |
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Term
| This disease can affect an area of GI tract from mouth to anus, key feature is cobble stone apperance? |
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Definition
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Term
| This disease is only found in the rectum and or large intestines, key symptom is diarrihea 30-40 times day? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is an immune mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten containing grains? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the liver |
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Term
| List the 5 types of Hepatitis? |
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Definition
Hepatitis A- transmitted through fecal-oral route, self limiting
Hepatits B-spread through blood, bodily fluids more infective then A
Heptatis C- most common can develop liver failure- IV drug user
Hepatitis D-have to have B to be infected
Hepatits E- high mortality rate pregnant women |
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Term
| Liver processes 80-90% of this? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the end result of drinking, end stage of alcoholic liver disease? |
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Definition
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