Term
Latex Rubber
High risk groups?
High risk products?
Croos reactivity with foods?
What type of hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
High risk groups: Spina bifida & urologic procedures
High risk produts: gloves, balloons, catheters, pacifiers
Cross reactivity: kiwi, bannana, avocado, melon, chestnut
Type I HSR |
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Term
Asthma Causes of eosinophilic infiltrates
Eosinophil recruitment?
Maturation and survival?
Eosinophil migration? |
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Definition
VCAM-1: Eosinophil recruitment
IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSDF: Maturation & survival
IL-8 & Rantes: Eosinophl migration
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Term
Graves disease
&
Myasthenia Gravis
Cause?
Type of HSR? |
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Definition
Both are type II HSR(Ab/Ag reaction)
Graves
Antibody binding to TSH receptor on thyroid cells stimulates production of thyroid hormone(hyperthyroidism)
Myasthenia Gravis
Ab binding to Ach receptor on skeletal muscle blocks Ach binding. Muscle weakness and paralysis |
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Term
Chronic thrombocytopenic purpura
Cause?
spleen?
Marrow?
Peripheral blood?
HSR Type? |
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Definition
Autoantibodies to membrane glycoproteins on platelets & megakaryocytes
Spleen: normal size, congested sinusoids, prominent germinal centers
Marrow: Increased megakaryoctes
Peripheral blood: megathrombocytes
Type II HSR (Ab to tissue Ag) |
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Term
Good Pasture's syndrome
Cause?
Kind of deposit?
Lung?
HSR Type?
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Definition
Autoantibodies to Type 4 collagen in lung and kidney
Linear deposit of IgG, C3 and fibrin on basement membrane
Lung: red-brown consolidation. Necrotic with associated hemorrhage, Hemosiderin laden macrophages.
Type II HSR |
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Term
Phases of Type III HSR
Phase I:
Phase II:
Phase III: |
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Definition
Phase I: Immune complex formation
Phase II: immune complex deposition; complement & Fc receptor mediated leukocyte recruitment
Phase III: Immune complex mediated inflammation and tissue injury |
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Term
Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
Cause?
Symptoms?
deposits?
HSR Type? |
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Definition
Streptoccus wall antigen.
Sore throat, 2 weeks later, fever and smoky urine(Cocacola)
Urine volume decreased
Periorbital edema(kidney failure)
Coarsely granular deposits of C3 corresponding to humps
Type III HSR |
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Term
Polyarteritis nodosa
cause?
IC formation effect?
HSR type? |
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Definition
Hep B antigen
necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium sized artieres
Fibrinoid necrosis(happens in vessels)
Type III HSR |
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Term
Multiple Sclerosis
Cause?
Symptoms?
Stain for myelin
Type of HSR? |
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Definition
CD4+ & Th17 react with myelin antigens -> demyelination in CNS
Unilateral visual impairment
Ataxia
Motor and sensory problems
Luxol fast blue PAS stain for myelin
Type IV HSR(T cell mediated) |
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Term
Guillain-Barre
Cause?
Symptoms?
CSF?
HSR? |
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Definition
Occurs after infection, molecular mimicry. Autoimmune attack of peripheral myelin.
Ascending paralysis, starts in legs
Increased CSF protein
Type IV HSR |
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Term
Rheumatic Fever
Cause?
Symptoms(FEVER)?
Histology? |
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Definition
Follows Group A streptococccal pharyngitis, ABs cross react with Heart valve(bread & butter carditis), skin joints.
Mneumonic = FEVER
Fever, Erythemia marginatum, Valvular damage(mitral), ESR elevated, Red hot joits, Subcutaenous nodules
lymphocytes and MO accumulation: Achoff bodies
MO have owl's eye or caterpillar nuclcei: Anitschkow cells
Two russians, Anitschokow and Aschoff with Rheumatic Fever
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Term
Chronic rheumatic Fever
Mitral valve?
Aortic valve? |
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Definition
Mitral Valve
Fish mouth deformity
Stenosis or Regurgitation
Aortic Valve
dystrophic calcification
Stenosis |
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Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Pathogensis/cause?
Associated with what mutation?
Symptoms?
What type HSR? |
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Definition
CD4+ effector and memory T cells in joints early. ALso immune Complex.
Associated with HLA-DR4 mutation(MHCII)
Pannus: mass of synovium and stroma with inflammatory cells
Ulner Drift.
Rheumatoid factor(Anti-IgG)
Type III/IV HSR |
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Term
Connective Tissue Diseases
Staining
ANA?
Diffuse nuclear?
rim staining?
Speckled?
Nucleolar? |
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Definition
ANA: usually Positive
Diffuse nuclear: chromatin, histones, ds DNA
rim staining: dsDNA
Speckled: Non DNA(SS-A, SS_B)
Nucleolar: RNA |
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Term
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE)
Effects what parts?
Who gets it?
What type HSR?
Libmann-sacks?
IF Stain?
|
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Definition
Joints(90%), Kidneys(75%), Heart (50%)
Females 20-35 after renal infections
Type III HSR
Libmann Sacks endocarditis: vegetation on valve.
If Stain: will show Ig & complement at DE junction and in vessels |
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Term
Diagnosis of SLE(ARA criteria)
SOAP BRAIN MD mneumonic |
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Definition
Serositis(pleura, pericardium etc.)
Oral Ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood: Hematologic disorder
Renal disorder: Wire loop lesions
Antinuclear Ab
Immunological Disorder
Neurological Disorder
Malar Rash(Buterfly on face)
Discoid Rash
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Term
Sjorgan Syndrome
Clinical/symptoms:
Serology:
Morphology/Pathology: |
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Definition
Dry mucosal surfaces:
Keratoconjunctivitis
Xerostomia: Dry buccal mucosa, difficulty swallowing
Lymphoma in 5%
Serology: SS-A, SS-B, Schirmer test
Morphology:
In lacrimal and salivary glands, germinal center formation
Ductal lining cells -> hyperplasia -> obstruction -> atrophy,fibrosis |
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Term
Systemic Sclerosis
Clinical:
Diagnosis:
Pathology:
|
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Definition
Pathology: Immune dysfunction, CD+ lymphs accumulate and stimulates fibroblasts and collagen formation(TGF-B)
Diagnosis:
ANti-SCL-70 Ab against nuclear topoisomerase
Anti-centromere Ab in 90% with limited disease
Arteriorlar intimal thickening(onion skin on histology)
Skin: Increase collagen, atrophy of epidermis, Skin of face and hands becomes stiff, stretched, and shiny
GI tract: no peristalsis
Kidneys: Hypertension due to Arteriorlar intimal thickening |
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Term
Crest Variant of SS
How is it different than SS?
Serotype? |
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Definition
More benign course
Reynauds phenomenon(hyper-reactivity of blood vessels in fingers and hands; blaching when exposed to cold)
Anti-centromere Ab positive in high titers |
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Term
Dermatomyositis
Clinical:
Lab/serology: |
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Definition
Bilateral, symmetric proximal muscle weakness
Ab against capillary network: muscles become ischemic.
Heliotropic Rash(eyelids)
Lab:
Increased serum creatine kinase
Ab to tRNA synthetase: anti-jo-1
Associated with Occult tumors(metastatic tumor) search for malignancy |
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Term
Anitschokow Cells
&
Achoff bodies
In what disease?
|
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Definition
Rheumatic Fever
Two Russians Anitschokow and achoff with Rheumatic fever
Achoff bodies: lymphocytes and MO accumulation
Anitschkow cells: MO that have owl's eye or caterpillar nuclei |
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