Indicates inflammation of the glomerulus which causes

• Hypertension
• Oliguria
• Hematuria
• Azotemia
• Mild edema

• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
• Endocarditis (bacterial)
• Wegener's
• Goodpasture's
• IgA (Berger's)
• Lupus
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Excessive permeability of the glomerulus to proteins due to lose of nephrin which causes:

• >3.5 gm/day proteinuria
• Hyperlipidemia (due to liver compensation for lost albumin)
• Severe edema
• Hypoalbuminemia
• Foamy urine

• Amyloidosis
• Diabetes
• Membranous Glomerulopathy
• Foot process disease (minimal change glomerulopathy and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis

Common because one pees out antithrombin-3

Occurs in the renal vein b/c this is where the proteins of the blood are concentrated

• Indicates sudden, severe injury to most of the glomeruli.

• Fibrin is present in Bowman's space and becomes scar preventing filtration

• Nephritic Syndrome will also be present

• RPGN I: anti-GBM disease (goodpastures, etc; linear floresence)
• RPGN II: immune complex disease (Post-strep, bad lupus, endocarditis, etc.; lumpy-bumpy floresence)
• RPGN III: Vasculitis (Wegener's, polyarteritis nodosa; no floresence)

• Endothelial damage and fibrin-rich microthrombus formation in the renal vascular bed
• results in evidence of red cell fragmentation (schistocytes) and renal failure

Bacterial infection of the kidney

-generally produces fever, flank pain, proteinuria, pyuria and white cell casts (lots of neuts)

A group of conditions in which the proximal tubule fails to conserve one or more substances, which are lost in the urine

-glucose, PO4, Ca++, cysteine, amino acids

The kidney loses the ability to concentrate urine

Symptoms:

• Isosthenuria (SG 1.010)
• Nocturia

• Sickle cell disease/trait
• Pyelonephritis
• Loop Diuretics
• Extremely low K+
• Metastatic calcification

• usually presents as oliguria (<500 ml urine/day) plus azotemia
• Hyperkalemia due to oliguria can be life threatening

• the end result of irreversible kidney damage from any cause
• signs and symptoms are uremia

• results from decreased GFR and/or increased renin
• damages small arteries of the kidneys
• "sandpaper kidney"

The signs and symptoms of renal failure

Includes:

• volume overload
• metabolic acidosis
• hyperkalemia
• fluid shifts
• calcium-phosphate problems
• bone problems
• and more