small cell: ADH->SIADH, ACTH->cushing, antibodies to NMJ->LE myasthenic syndrome

squamous- PTH->hypercalcemia

marked cellular atypia

vac cytoplasm, hyperchrom nucleiw/ prom nucleoli, pleomorphism, paget spread

DEPTH OF INVASION IMPORTANT

desmoglein (of desomsomes) defects- mucosal3/skin1 distribution

intraepidermal blistering, no keratinocyte necrosis, eosinophils, IgG in spinous layer

basal cells still attached by hemides (tombstones)

Nicholsky- pressure induces blisters

Layers: CGSB

accesory to hemidesmosomes of basal layer

BPAg1- plakin family: IF to HD, 2- collagen XVII: NC16 most often target

subepidermal blister, eosinophil or mononucl infiltr

IgG/C3 on epidermal BM

initial: pruritis, urticaria

bullous: bulla on normal or erythema, thick roofed

absorb blue light

subepiderm cell-poor blister with festooning of dermal papillae, IgG/comp at dermo/epi jx

woods lamp-> pink urine

t: phelobotomy, antimalarials, b-carotene

granular deposition of IgA in papillary dermis, papillary dermal edema w/neutrophil infiltr with pervasc lymphocytic infiltr, subepidermal split

biopsy adjacent

symmetrical on elbow, extensor forearms, back, butt, knees, scalp

herpetiform papulovesicles with an edematous base

very pruritic--> no vesicles present

non-suppurative inflammatory synovitis, anti-CCP antibodies

hyperplastic/trophic synovium with lymph, plasma, histio aggregates, neutrophil in synovial fluid (not stroma), PANNUS, nodule-central necrosis w.palisading histiocytes and inflamm cells, rhem vasc: small/medium

hand joints

chondrocalcinosis, calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease CPPD

chalky deposits, blue-purple aggregate in synovium containing weakly birefringent[image]

hemoptysis, renal failure

blood in alveoli, normal interstitium, linear immunofluor for igg and complement

crescent glomerulonephritis, similar immunofluor to alv

anti-neutrophil/HLA antibodies-->aggregate in pulm capillaries

t: steroids

p: donor deferrment

platelet transfusion using a neg charged leuko reduction filter in pts on ACE inhibitors

--->generation of bradykinin

t: STOP

p: prestorage leukodepletion, hold off on ACE inh

aspergillus: ubiquitous, histoplasma: river valleys, coccidiodes: southwest, cryptococcus:ubiq, blastomyces:rare

hyphae:aspergillus

dimorphic:histo,blasto,coccid

yeast:crypto

pneumocystis: aids, diagnosed on lavage/biopsy (not culture)

small cell can be

synaptophysin, chromogranin

carcinoid can be: salt and pepper chromatin, 

LR+=sens/(1-spec)

LR-=(1-sens)/spec

sens=a/a+c

spec=d/b+d

ppv=a/a+b

npv=d/c+d

safety

tolerability

effectiveness

price

simplicity of use