Term
| How much plasma is in your blood? |
|
Definition
| 55% of total blood volume |
|
|
Term
| How much water is in plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much plasma proteins are in plasma? |
|
Definition
7%
albuminis, globulins, and clotting factors |
|
|
Term
| What electrolytes are in plasma? |
|
Definition
| sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What nutrients are in plasma? |
|
Definition
| amino acids, glucose, lipids, vitamins, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What is the blood composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many erythrocytes in the cellular coment of the blood? |
|
Definition
5 million/mm3
involved in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| What is the only red cell that doesn't contain hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does the cellular compent is in your blood? |
|
Definition
45%
48% in males and 42% in females |
|
|
Term
| How many subunits does hemoglobin have? |
|
Definition
four
each containing two parts |
|
|
Term
| What does the heme portion contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the globin portion contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hemoglobin in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hemoglobin in fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is needed for erythropoietin? |
|
Definition
minerals such as iron, cobalt, copper
Vitamins B12
Folic acid (maturation of RBC) |
|
|
Term
| How many leukocytes are in your blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in defense against infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neutrophils (55%)
eosinophils (1-2%)
basophils (0.5-1%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monocytes (6%)
lymphocytes (36%) |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of neutrophils? |
|
Definition
survives few hours
primary defense against bacterial infection (phagocytosis) |
|
|
Term
| What are the charactersitics of eosinophils? |
|
Definition
antigen-antibody reactions
elevated during asthma attacks, drug reactions, and certain parasitic infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of basophils? |
|
Definition
| carry histamine and platelet- activating factors to inflamed tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of monocytes? |
|
Definition
leave circulation and become tissue macrophages
part of mononuclear phagocyte system involved in phagocytic functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of injured and dead cells, cell fragments, and microorganisms |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| T and B lymphocytes involved with immunity |
|
|
Term
| How many thrombocytes are in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are thrombocytes involved in? |
|
Definition
hemostasis
parts of cell are called megakaryoblast, which are found in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
initial cell formation occurs as result of stimulating action of erythropoietin
produced by kidney
on bone marrow tissue
stimulates hemocytoblast to form proerythroblast |
|
|
Term
| What happens when cells are transformed into reticulocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the final step of erythropoiesis? |
|
Definition
formation of mature erythrocytes
both reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes are found primarily in circulating blood |
|
|
Term
| Where do all types of leukocytes arise from? |
|
Definition
| stem cell (hemocytoblast) within bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What do granulocytes develop from? |
|
Definition
| precursor promyeloblast which then develops into three types within bone marrow before released into blood stream |
|
|
Term
| Where do monocytes develop from? |
|
Definition
monoblast and lymphocytes develop from lymphoblast
pass into blood stream for final maturation |
|
|
Term
| What controls platelet production? |
|
Definition
| substance called thrombopoietin |
|
|
Term
| What do platelets develop from? |
|
Definition
| stem cells called megakaryocytes |
|
|
Term
| What's vessel spasm caused by? |
|
Definition
local and neural reflex mechanisms
constricts the vessel and reduces blood flow |
|
|
Term
| What's the platelet plug? |
|
Definition
| the second line of defense which is initiated as platelets come in contact with vessel wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which fibrin strands form and create a meshwork that cements blood components together |
|
|
Term
| What's blood coagulation a result of? |
|
Definition
| activation of either intrinsic or extrinsic coagulation pathways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in vascular system
relatively slow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs immediately once the clot has formed
requires large numbers of platelets
contributes to hemostasis by pulling edges of broken vessel together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dissolution of clot allows blood flow to be re-established and allows tissue repair to take place
requires sequence of steps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measures total number of RBC/mm3
normal: 4.2 - 5.4 million |
|
|
Term
| percentage of reticulocytes |
|
Definition
normal: about 1%
provides index rate of red cell production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
grams/100 ml of blood
normal: 12-18 gm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measures volume of red blood cell mass in 100 ml of plasma volume
normal: 35-55% |
|
|
Term
| mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
|
Definition
reflects volume or size of RBC
normal: 81-96 microns3 |
|
|
Term
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentratioin (MCHC) |
|
Definition
amount of hemoglobin in 100 ml of packed RBC
normal: 32-36% |
|
|
Term
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
|
Definition
amount of hemoglobin in single RBC
normal: 27-31 picograms/RBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duration of bleeding following a standardized superficial puncture wound of skin |
|
|
Term
| platelets prothrombin time |
|
Definition
| effectiveness of activity of prothrombin, fibrinogen, and factors V, VII, and X |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| overall ability of blood to clot as measured in minutes in a test tube |
|
|
Term
| differential white cell count |
|
Definition
| absolute number of different types of white blood cells |
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