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Patho Ch. 39
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37
Other
Undergraduate 4
05/11/2012

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Term
Wheal
Definition
elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema
Term
Plaque
Definition
elevated, firm, and rough lestion with flat top
Term
Keloid
Definition
irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar
Term
Ulcer
Definition
loss of epidermis and dermis, concave
Term
Petechiae
Definition
circumscribed area of blood less than 0.5cm in diameter
Term
Purpura
Definition
circumscribed area of blood greater than 0.5cm in diameter
Term
Comedone
Definition
plug of sebaceous and keratin material lodged in opening of hair follicle
acne
Term
ischemic ulcers
Definition
resulting from pressure and shearing forces that occlude cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow
Term
decubitus ulcers
Definition
sores resulting from lying down for long time
Term
what do pressure ulcers develop?
Definition
over bony prominences
Term
Signs and Symptoms of pressure ulcer
Definition
pain, fever, and leukocytosis
if ulceration is large, toxicity and pain lead to loss of appetite, debility, and renal insufficiency
Term
Pruritis
Definition
itching associated with many primary skin disorders or manifestations of disease
Term
Eczema
Definition
erythema, vesicles, scales, and itching
edema serous discharge, crusting comes with scratching
Term
Allergic contact dermatitis
Definition
cell-mediated/delayed hypersensitivity
may be caused by poison ivy, chemicals, latex, drugs, metals, etc.
Term
Irritant contact dermatitis
Definition
nonimmunologically-mediated inflammation caused by prolonged exposure to soaps, detergents, and various other chemicals
Term
Atopic dermatitis
Definition
more common in infancy and childhood
results from activation of mast cells, T lymphocytes, IgE production and release of inflammatory mediators
lesions usually found on feet, hands, and flexor surfaces of arms and legs
Term
If you scrate atopic dermatits, what can happen?
Definition
lead to increased risk of infection from Staphylococcus aureus
Term
Stasis dermatitis
Definition
usually occurs in legs as result of reduced venous flow and edema
results in erythema, pruritus, scaling, petechiae, and hyperpigmentation
Term
Seborrheic dermatitis
Definition
chronic inflammation of skin involving scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ear canals, axillae, chest, and back
cause unknown and lesions occur periodically from infancy to old age
lesions are scaly, white, or yellowish
Term
Psoriasis
Definition
chronic, relapsing, skin disorder resulting in thickening of dermis and epidermis with cellular proliferation and inflammation leading to plaque formation
Term
Acne vulgaris
Definition
inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland
affects 85% of population between 12 and 25 years old
Term
Noninflammatory acne vulgaris
Definition
comedones are open (blackheads) and close (whiteheads) with accumulated material causing distention of follicle and thinning of follicular canal walls
Term
Inflammatory acne vulgaris
Definition
close comedones when follicular wall ruptures expelling sebum into surrounding dermis and initiating inflammation
pustules, papules, and cystic nodules may develop
Term
tinea corporis (ringworm)
Definition
circular, mildly erythematosus scaly patches on skin areas excluding scalp, face, hands, feet, groin
more common in children
Term
tinea pedis (athlete's food)
Definition
superficial fungal infection of foot common in adults
slight scaling
painful skin occasionally with fissures and vesiculation
Term
Urticaria
Definition
associated with type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, foods, systemic disease, or physical agents
mediated by histamine release resulting in wheals, welts, or hives
Term
Acne rosacea
Definition
chronic inflammation of middle-aged adults
lesions occur in middle third of face associated with chronic flushing and sensitivity to sun
Term
Bacterial infections
Definition
typically caused by S. aureus or B-hemolytic streptococci
Term
Folliculitis
Definition
bacterial infection of hair follicle
lesions appear as pustules and erythema
most prominent on scalp and extremities
Term
Faruncle (boil)
Definition
inflammation of hailr follicles
lesion is deep, firm, red, painful nodlue which change to cystic nodules accompained by cellulitis
Term
Carbuncles
Definition
collection of infected hair follicles occuring on back of neck, upper back, and lateral thigs
may form abscesses
Term
Cellulitis
Definition
infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue usually caused by Staphylococcus
occus as extension of skin wound, ulcer or furuncle or carbuncle
Term
Impetigo
Definition
superficial lesion caused by Staph or B-hemolyic streptococci
more common in children
Term
Herpes simplex virus
Definition
infections caused by HSV-1 generally oral infections and HSV-2 is associated with genital infections
Term
Herpes zoster (shingles) or varicella (chickenpox)
Definition
varicella is primarily infection followed by activation of virus to cause shingles years later
virus remains latent in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion during time between activations
Symptoms: zoster--> pain and paresthesia with vesicular eruptions
Term
Warts
Definition
benign lesions caused by many different types of human papillomavirus
commors warts occur in children usually on fingers
plantar warts on bottom of foot
Term
Tinea captius
Definition
fungal infection of scalp with scaly, pruritic scalp with bald areas
more common in children
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