Term
Renal function tests include:
a) the urinalysis
b) BUN and serum creatinine
c) SGOT/SGPT
d) both a and b
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Which substance is an abnormal constituent of urine?
a) urea
b) glucose
c) sodium chloride
d) creatinine |
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Definition
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Term
The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:
a) glomeruli
b) renal columns
c) collecting tubules
d) pyramids
e) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Upper urinary tract obstruction:
a) can cause hydroureter
b) increases the force of detrusor contraction
c) predisposes an individual to hypotension
d) increases postvoid residual volume |
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Definition
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Term
Renal calculi may be composed of:
a) calcium oxalate
b) uric acid
c) cholesterol
d) all of the above
e) both a and b |
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Definition
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Term
Which can be characteristic of ureteral stones?
a) severe pain in the back
b) severe pain in the abdomen
c) nausea and vomiting
d) all of the above
e) both a and c |
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Definition
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Term
Which are predisposing factors for acute UTIs? (More than one may apply)
a) congenital deformities of the urinary tract
b) the sex of the patient
c) decreased urine flow
d) increased urine flow
e) increased fluid intake |
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Definition
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Term
A common cause of both pyelonephritis and cystitis is:
a) urinary calculi
b) invading, ascending microorganisms, such as E. Coli
c) allergic reactions
d) heavy metals |
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Definition
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Term
Uremia causes:
a) polycythemia
b) retention of metabolic acids
c) low plasma calcium levels
d) increased erythropoiesis
e) both a and d |
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Definition
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Term
Pyelonephritis is: (More than one may apply)
a) an inflammation and infection of the urinary bladder
b) characterized by fever, chills and flank pain
c) characterized by pyuria, bacteriuria, and hematuria
d) more common in young women than in young men |
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Definition
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Term
Which renal condition usually has a history of recent infection with beta-hemolytic streptococci?
a) pyelonephritis
b) chronic renal failure
c) nephrosis
d) glomerulonephritis
e) calculi |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement is NOT true concerning glomerulonephritis?
a) significant damage to the kidneys occurs during the body's response to an infection
b) fever and flank pain occur
c) complement activation attracts neutrophils
d) it is characterized by hematuria, proteinuria and the presence of casts
e) approximately 90% of individuals experience chronic disease |
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Definition
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Term
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with ___ to plasma ___.
a) increased glomerular permeability; urea
b) decreased glomerular permeability; proteins
c) decreased glomerular permeability; tubular filtrate
d) increased glomerular permeability; proteins |
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Definition
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Term
Causes of acute renal injury include:
a) cholecystitis
b) stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters
c) heart failure leading to poor renal perfusion
d) both b and c
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Which describe(s) a patient in acute renal injury? (More than one may apply).
a) elevated serum creatinine
b) leukocytosis
c) low BUN
d) fever
e) oliguria |
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Definition
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Term
Which is NOT a characteristic of chronic renal injury?
a) hyperkalemia
b) anuria
c) anemia
d) pruritus
e) acidosis |
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Definition
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Term
Chronic renal injury:
a) may result from HTN
b) is usually the result of chronic inflammation of the kidney
c) may be treated with dialysis or transplants
d) all of the above
e) both b and c |
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Definition
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Term
An individual has elevated blood concentrations of urea and creatinine because of complete calculi blockage of one ureter. This condition is referred to as:
a) prerenal disease
b) intrarenal disease
c) postrenal disease
d) preeclampsia
e) hypercalcemia |
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Definition
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Term
Nephrotoxins, such as antibiotics, may be responsible for:
a) acute tubular necrosis
b) acute glomerulonephritis
c) pyelonephritis
d) cystitis |
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Definition
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Term
Uremia, as seen in chronic renal injury, would include:
a) metabolic acidosis
b) elevated BUN and creatinine
c) cardiovascular disturbances
d) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The earliest symptom of chronic renal injury is:
a) pruritus
b) oliguria
c) polyuria
d) decreased BUN |
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Definition
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Term
In chronic renal failure, tubulointerstitial disease leads to:
a) sodium retention
b) sodium wasting
c) no significant changes in sodium levels
d) increased phosphate excretion |
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Definition
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