Term
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Definition
| The first 28 days of life |
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Term
| Fusion of lower pole of 1 kidney to the lower pole of the contralateral kidney is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| No kidney is found on the right side of the body, but there is some tissue present. No kidney is seen near the bladder. What is this? |
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Definition
Right Unilateral Renal Agenesis
(The tissue is the adrenal gland. The left kidney will be hypertrophic.) |
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Term
| You see what appears as an L-shaped mass of renal tissue on a neonate’s left side. No renal tissue is found on the right side. Another test showed that the ureters inserted into each side of the bladder. What congenital anomaly is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with history of intermittent umbilical discharge; no history of trauma, pain or fever. You see a tubular mass between the urinary bladder & umbilicus. What is being described? |
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Definition
Urachal anomaly
(Urachus did not close. The discharge at the umbilicus is urine.) |
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Term
| Most common neonatal abdominal mass. Frequently associated with obstruction. |
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Definition
a. Hydronephrosis (Most common site of obstruction is UPJ)
OR
b. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (Fatal if bilateral)
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Term
| 4 classifications (Perinatal, infantile, juvenile, & neonatal) . In neonate, kidneys appear enlarged and hyperechoic with a hypoechoic outer rim (cortex). Hepatic biliary duct ectasia & fibrosis of the liver. Teenagers may present with hepatic fibrosis. |
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Definition
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)
(other names)
Potter’s Type I
Infantile Polycystic Kidney Disease |
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Term
| This is the most common form of cystic disease in infants; usually unilateral; fatal if bilateral; non-hereditary. What is it? |
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Definition
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK)
(other names)
Potter’s Type II
Multicystic Renal Dysplasia |
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Term
| This is inherited bilateral renal enlargement caused by many cysts in the cortex & medulla. Symptoms may not surface until the 4th-5th decades of life. Associated with Berry Aneurysm. |
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Definition
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
(other names)
Potter’s Type III
Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease |
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Term
| Symptoms include fever or flank pain; spread via bladder reflux; may see a swollen kidney; antibiotics is administered. An abscess could result if antibiotics aren’t administered. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sonographically, wall is >3mm & irregular. You may see echogenic debris in the patient’s urine. |
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Definition
Cystitis
(E.Coli is often culprit for bladder infections) |
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Term
| Sonographically, this has a variable appearance based on time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common intra-abdominal malignant tumor in a child. This tumor may distort the collecting system & spread beyond the renal corpuscle |
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Definition
Wilm’s Tumor/nephroblastoma
More info: Also most common childhood renal mass. Peak age between 2-5 years old. May be a palpable abdominal mass. Associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. 90% survival rate. Very rapidly developing tumor. Sonographically is a large mass distorting the appearance of the kidney. |
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Term
| 2nd most common abdominal tumor of childhood. Spreads early & widely. Appears poorly defined, heterogeneous. Between the ages of 2 months & 2 years. Sometimes palpable, but usually asymptomatic. Mets usually found at presentation. Most common childhood/infancy adrenal mass. Differential is Wilm’s tumor. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most common neonatal renal neoplasm to occur within the first few months of life. Is benign, but may spread leading to nephrectomy. |
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Definition
Mesoblasticnephroma
Other names:
Fetal renal hamartoma
Congenital Wilm’s tumor |
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Term
| This causes masculinization. Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase (needed for cortisol production). Female genitalia may appear masculine. Causes enlarged adrenals. |
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Definition
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
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Term
| You scan a neonate with a history of trauma at delivery; you see a suprarenal mass. Follow up exams show a decrease in size of the mass. Most frequent between days 2-7 of life. Most common neonatal adrenal mass. |
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Definition
Adrenal hemorrhage
Other info: May be caused by anoxia. A mother who is diabetic makes the neonate more prone to this condition. Sonographic appearance changes over time. Need to differentiate from neuroblastoma by demonstrating a decrease in size over time. |
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Term
| Most common malignant tumor of GI tract |
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd leading cause of cancer deaths |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common GI tract tumor in chldren < 10 |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms include RLQ pain, McBurney's Point tenderness, leukocytosis, N&V |
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Definition
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Term
| Abdominal target lesion sign of: |
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Definition
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Term
| LLQ pain, Western hemisphere, increases with age, low bulk diet |
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Definition
Diverticular Disease
(Diverticula - outpouchings
Diverticulosis - many outpouchings
Diverticulitits - infected outpouchings) |
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Term
Most common cause of obstruction in child < 1 yr
Rare in adults
US: Sausage shaped |
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Definition
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Term
| 4:1 male, projectile vomitting, olive shaped mass |
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Definition
| Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis |
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