Term
| apoptosis is characterized by |
|
Definition
| cell shrinkage, nuclear shrinkage, membrane blabbing, nuclear fragmentation, nuclear fding, formation of apoptotic bodies |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic pathway of apoptosis occurs in |
|
Definition
| embryogenesis, hormone induction, atrophy and as a result of injurious stimuli |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic pathway mechanism |
|
Definition
| increased Bax (pro-apoptosis) and decreased Bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis), leads to increased mitochondrial permeability and cytochrome c release |
|
|
Term
| extrinsic pathway mechanisms |
|
Definition
1) Fas-Fas ligand
2) Tc cell release of perforin and granzyme |
|
|
Term
| coagulative necrosis occurs in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| liquefactive necrosis occurs in |
|
Definition
| brain, bacterial abscess, pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
| caseous necrosis occurs in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fibrinoid necrosis occurs in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gangrenous necrosis occurs in |
|
Definition
Dry = ischemic coagulative
wet = with bacteria
common in limbs and in GI tract |
|
|
Term
| reversible injury changes |
|
Definition
| decreased ATP, cell swell, chromatin clumping, decreased glycogen, fatty change, ribosomal detachment |
|
|
Term
| irreversible injury changes |
|
Definition
| pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, Ca influs, plasma membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, mitochondrial permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loose tissue or following repercussion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how free radical damage cells |
|
Definition
| membrane lipid peroxidation, protei modification and DNA breakage |
|
|
Term
| free radical injury initiated via |
|
Definition
| radiation, metabolism of drugs, redox, NO, transition metals and oxidative burst |
|
|
Term
| free radicals eliminated by |
|
Definition
| catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidantes (A,C,E) |
|
|
Term
| pathologies of free radical injury |
|
Definition
| retinopathy or prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CCI4 -> liver necrosis, acetaminophen, iron overload, repercussion after anoxia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased hormones, decreased innervation, decreased blood flow, decreased nutrients, increased pressure, occlusion of secretory ducts |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of inflammation |
|
Definition
| rubor, tumor, dolor, calor and functio laesa |
|
|
Term
| resolution of inflammation |
|
Definition
| restoration to normal, granulation tissue, abscess, fitul, scarring |
|
|
Term
| cells in acute inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells in chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells that great granulomas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E/P-selectin to sialyl lewis |
|
|
Term
| tight biding is mediated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diapedesis is mediated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C5a, IL8, LTB4 and kallikrein |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the inflammatory phase of wound healing |
|
Definition
| clot foramtion, increased vessel permeability and neutrophil migration, macrophages clear debris |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the proliferative phase of wound healing |
|
Definition
| deposition of granulation tissue and collagen, angiogenesis, epithelial cell proliferation , dissolution of clot and wound contraction |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the remodeling phase of wound healing? |
|
Definition
| type III collagen is replaced by type I collage, increases tensile strength of tissue |
|
|
Term
| what are 8 causes of granulomas |
|
Definition
| TB, fungal infection, T pallidum, M leprae, bartonella henselae, sarcoidosis, crohns, berylliosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypocellular, protein poor, specific gravity < 1.012, due to increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, Na retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular, protein rich, specific gravity > 1.02, lymphatic obstruction, inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infections, inflammation, cancer, pregnancy, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sickle cell, polycythemia, CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| per oxidation of lipids and generates ROS |
|
|
Term
iron poisoning
- acute
- chronic |
|
Definition
- gastric bleeding
- metabolic acidosis and GI obstruction |
|
|
Term
| type of shock: low output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of shock: high output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of shock: cold, clammy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of shock: dilated arterioles, high venous return |
|
Definition
|
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