Term
| T or F: Lateral wall damage shows up as ischemic changes in the lateral precordial leads: V5 and V6 |
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Definition
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Term
| The term ________________ is used to describe infarctions that extend partially through the wall |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Myocardial infarction is defined as death of myocardial tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: ST segment depression is an EKG change that can appear as a result of myocardial ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Anterior wall damage is reflected by ischemic changes in leads V1 through V4 |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Inferior wall damage creates ischemic changes in leads aVR and aVL |
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Definition
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Term
| Myocardial ischemia is defined as |
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Definition
| Lack of oxygen to myocardial tissue |
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Term
| When an area of infarction extends completely through the wall of the ventricle it is called |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Deepening and widening of the Q waves is an EKG change that can occur as a result of myocardial ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: T wave inversion is an EKG change that can occur as a result of myocardial ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is true:
When normal chamber enlargement occurs:
1)Abnormal depolarization waves produce vectors of longer duration and greater magnitude
2)Atrial enlargement affects T waves
3)Ventricular enlargement affects the QRS complex |
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Definition
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Term
Left ventricular enlargement produces:
1)Deep S waves in V6
2)Tall R waves in V1
3)Tall R waves in V6
4)Deep S waves in V1 |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Ventricular enlargement is seen as unusually high amplitude QRS complexes across all the V leads |
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Definition
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Term
| Left atrial enlargement produces a ________, ________ P wave (>.10 secs)in Lead II |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Atrial enlargement will produce a biphasic P wave in V1 |
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Definition
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Term
Right ventricular enlargement produces:
1)Deep S waves in V6
2)Tall R waves in V1
3)Tall R waves in V6
4)Deep S waves in V1 |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is true regarding P pulmonale?
1)This waveform is seen in Lead II and is characteristic for right atrial enlargement
2)This waveform is characteristically tall & peaked with normal duration (.10 secs or less)
3)This waveform is seen in Lead II and is characteristic for left atrial enlargement
4)This waveform is characteristically tall & peaked with normal duration (.10 secs or greater) |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The left main coronary artery divides into the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery |
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Definition
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Term
| The term 'ischemia' describes |
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Definition
| Reversible imbalance in the myocardial oxygen demand/supply ratio |
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Term
| The term 'dyskinesis' refers to |
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Definition
| Outward motion or 'bulging' of a segment in systole |
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Term
Disease in the posterior descending artery results in abnormal wall motion in the
a.Mid septum
b.Anterior free wall
c.Anterior left ventricular apex
d.Inferior free wall |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The apical 2 chamber view can be used to assess the inferior wall of the LV |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The circumflex artery is a branch of the right coronary artery |
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Definition
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Term
| Which view would allow assessment of the anterior wall of the LV? |
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Definition
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Term
| The PSSAX at the PM level can be used to assess |
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Definition
| The midventricular segments of the LV |
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Term
| The posterior wall of the LV is supplied by |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior descending artery transverses the |
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Definition
| Inferior inter-ventricular groove |
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Term
| T or F: Ischemic ST segment depression on EKG and clinical angina are relatively late manifestations of ischemia and are not seen consistently |
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Definition
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Term
| The term 'akinesis' describes |
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Definition
| Absence of inward endocardial motion or wall thickening in systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced endocardial inward motion and wall thickening in systole |
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Term
Which of the following statements about segmental anatomy of the LV are true:
a.From the base to apex, the LV is typically divided into three segments: basal, midventricular and septal
b.The ventricular septum is divided into at least two segments (inferior and anterior), since it receives blood flow from the posterior descending and the left anterior descending arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: When narrowing of a coronary vessel reaches 70% of luminal cross-sectional area, blood flow becomes inadequate to meet increased myocardial oxygen demands with exercise |
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Definition
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Term
Left anterior descending artery disease results in wall motion abnormalities of
a.Anterior septum
b.Anterior free wall
c.Anterior left ventricular apex
d.Inferior free wall |
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Definition
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Term
| If the TR jet peak velocity was measured at 4 m/s and the IVC was less than 2 cm in diameter and demonstrated <50% reduction with inspiration, the SPAP would calculate to: |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: When the IVC measures less than 2 cm and demonstrates > 50% diameter reduction with inspiration then a right atrial pressure of 10 mmHg assessed for use in pulmonary artery pressure calculations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal acceleration time as measured off the Doppler trace across the pulmonary valve is |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure equals RV systolic pressure in the absence of RVOT obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following would be required to calculate systolic pulmonary artery pressure?
a.An estimate of right atrial pressure
b.A peak pressure gradient estimated from a CW Doppler trace of of the tricuspid regurgitant jet
c.Peak velocity through the left ventricle during diastole
d.All of these responses
e.A and B only |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure greater than 70 mmHg suggests severe pulmonary hypertension |
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Definition
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Term
| PAEDP is calculated using the |
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Definition
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Term
| SPAP is measured using which of the following |
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Definition
| Peak velocity taken off the tricuspid regurgitant jet |
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Term
| Severe pulmonary hypertension is suspected when the acceleration time as measured off the Doppler trace across the pulmonary valve is |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Pulmonary hypertension will cause an increase in the acceleration time measured off the Doppler trace across the pulmonary valve |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common obstruction to left ventricular outflow is |
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Definition
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Term
| M-Mode echocardiography is poor at |
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Definition
| Assessing severity of aortic stenosis |
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Term
| All but which of the following are often detected in normal patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic mitral regurgitation leads to enlargement of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Subacute bacterial endocarditis |
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Definition
| Occurs in valves previously damaged |
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Term
| Native valvular infections occur most commonly on the |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of cardiomyopathy most often induced by pregnancy, alcohol, viral infection, or chemotherapy is |
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Definition
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