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Pathophysiology vocab ch. 1
Pathophysiology chapter 1: Introduction to pathophysiology- vocabulary
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Undergraduate 2
02/05/2013

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Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
the study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of an injury, disorder, or disease
Term
pathology
Definition
the study of changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease
Term
physiology
Definition
the mechanisms of human body functioning
Term
structure
Definition
how the human body is put together, including component parts and location of those parts
Term
function
Definition
concerned with how component parts operate together
Term
disease
Definition
the functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems
Term
syndromes
Definition
a specific condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern
Term
pathogenesis
Definition
the disease beginning
Term
risk factors
Definition
vulnerabilities that, when present, increase the chances that a disease may occur
Term
etiology
Definition
precise cause of a disease
Term
pathogen
Definition
disease-causing microorganism
Term
multifactorial
Definition
having more than one genetic and/or environmental causing events
Term
idiopathic
Definition
no known etiology to a disease
Term
nosocomial
Definition
a disease that is the result of exposure to infection in the health care environment
Term
iatrogenic
Definition
  • diseases that are the inadvertent result of medical treatment
  • patient who develops a UTI from the placemens of a catheter
Term
clinical manifestations
Definition
the presenting signs and symptoms of the disease
Term
signs
Definition
the observable or measurable expressions
Term
symptoms
Definition
indicators that are reported by the ill individual and are considered the "subjective" manifestations
Term
precipitating factors
Definition
triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations
Term
local
Definition
manifestations that are found directly at the site of disease and are confined to that specific area
Term
systemic
Definition
describes manifestations that present throughout the body and are not confined to a local area
Term
acute
Definition
manifestations or diseases that begin abruptly and last a few days to a few months
Term
chronic
Definition
diseases that generally last longer than 6 months and are insidious, or gradual, in onset
Term
remissions
Definition
symptom-free periods
Term
exacerbations
Definition
flaring of symptoms
Term
subacute
Definition
diseases that fall somewhere between acute and chronic in duration and severity
Term
asymptomatic
Definition
person does not have any noticeable symptoms even though diagnostic tests may indicate that the disease is present
Term
diagnosis
Definition
label for the disease
Term
nursing diagnosis
Definition
labels distinguished by a focus on the human response to the condition
Term
prognosis
Definition
the forecast or prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process
Term
morbididty
Definition
a negative outcome with disease complications that impact the quality of life
Term
mortality
Definition
death
Term
health
Definition
the perceived wholeness of the body, mind, and spirit
Term
illness
Definition
a state that results in suffering or distress
Term
homeostasis
Definition
a dynamic balance in the body marked by the appropriate and effective response to stimuli, thereby keeping the body in a steady state
Term
epidemiology
Definition
the study of disease in populations
Term
incidence
Definition
the rate of occurance of a disease at any given time
Term
prevalence
Definition
the number or percentage of a population that is affected by a particular disease at a given time
Term
endemic
Definition
when the incidence and prevalence of a dises are predictable and stable
Term
epidemic
Definition
a dramatic increase in disease incidence in a population and represents a rate considerably above the endemic rate
Term
pandemic
Definition
occurs when an epidemic spreads across continents
Term
primary prevention
Definition
  • prohibits a disease condition from occurring.
  • wearing a bike helmet to prevent head injury
Term
secondary prevention
Definition
  • the early detection and treatment of disease through screening
  • performing breast or testicular self-examination every month for early cancer detection
Term
tertiary prevention
Definition
  • rehabilitation of a patient after detection of disease
  • focuses on preventing complications or progression of the condition
  • applying physical therapy and occupational therapy interventions to improve gross and fine motor funtion after a stroke
Term
concept
Definition
a general idea that can be applied to similar situations
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