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PBS Block 2
Cell Injury, Inflammation
21
Other
Graduate
09/19/2014

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Altered Steady state

Definition

 

 

Atrophy

hypertrophy

hyperplasia

metaplasia

dysplasia

 

REVERSIBLE

Term

 

 

atrophy

Definition

 

decrease or shrinkage in cellular size and number

 

 

skeletal musc, heart, sex organs, brain

Term

 

 

2 types of atrophy

Definition

 

 

Physiological

Pathological

Term

 

Pathological atrophy

Definition

3 reasons:

 

Lack of functional demand

1st size, then #

dimished blood supply

senile atrophy

damage of nerves

Term

 

 

Physiological atrophy

Definition

 

 

Interruption of hormonal signals

menopausal, labor

Term

 

 

Hypertrophy

Definition

 

 

Increase in SIZE of cells

Increase in intracellular proteins (can be selective in organelle)

 

 

HEART

Term

 

 

Hyerplasia

Definition

 

Increase in NUMBER of cells from increased cellular division

organ may have increase volume

Term

 

 

hypertrophy and hyperplasia often occur

 

independent

or

concurrent?

Definition

 

 

concurrent

Term

 

 

What type of cells cannot exhibit HYPERPLASIA

Definition

 

 

 

NERVE, SKELETAL MUSCLE, CARDIAC

Term

 

examples of physiologic and pathologic

hyperplasia

Definition

 

 

glandular hyperplasia- breastfeeding (physiological)

 

Erythropoietin- RBC hyperplasia- renal tumors (pathologic)

Term

 

Why is hyperplasia different form cancer?

 

Definition

 

 

  • No mutation in genes
  • WIll regress if stimulus is removed
Term

 

 

Metaplasia

Definition

 

 

Replace mature cell type with another which handles stress better

Result of reprogramming stem cells brought by expression of genes which drive cells towards a specific differentiation

Term

 

Examples of Metaplasia

Definition

 

Bronchiol lining: columnar--> sqaumous (smokers)

 

Acid reflux: squamous --> columnar (like stomach)

Term

 

 

Atypical Adaptation:

 

Types of Intracellular accumulation

Definition

 

Glycogen

lipids

pigments

proteins

water

 

Ex: fatty liver, lipofuscin, hemsiderosis

Term

 

 

Lipfuscin

Definition

 

 

fucus (brown) lipid peroxidation, non toxic

wear and tear pigment

insoluble lipoprotein

in lysosomes, resist digestion, 

 

 

IN LIVER & HEART aging patients, malnutrition, cancer

Term

 

 

Hemosiderosis

Definition

 

 

localized: BRUISING

SYSTEMIC: excessive blood transfusion, RBC breakdown

hemosiderin deposition in organs

Term

 

 

DYSTROPHIC CALCIFICATION

Definition
  • in dead/injured cells
  • blood Ca++ normal
  • white, gritty, granule
  • stains deep purple
Term

 

METSTATIC calcification

Definition

 

 

normal living cells/tissues

hyercalemic states

ass. w/ increased [serum Ca]

 

 

Eg. KIDNEY (renal failure), multiple myeloma, hyperparathyroid, paget's, vit D tox

Term

CELL INJURY:

 

loss of Mitochondrial ATP and decreased ATP synthesis

results in?

Definition

 

Cellular swellng

decreased protein synthesis

decreaded membrance transport

lipogenesis

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