Term
| hyperextension with lateral rotation; examiner applies axial compression onto the patient's head, then you repeat it on the opposite side. Positive pain to the side of rotation indicative of FORAMINAL STENOSIS and NERVE ROOT IRRITATION/ COMPRESSION |
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Definition
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Term
| provider places their hands under the back of the head and cups the chin while applying a distraction force. (pichocho wants us to just put hands on side of head behind ears). If pain decreases, then it is considered a positive test. DO NOT perform test if cervical instability is suspected. |
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Definition
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Term
| examiner asks patient to take a deep breath and blow against closed glottis, which will increase intrathecal pressure. positive test implicates HERNIATED DISC, TUMOR, OR OSTEOPHYTE in the cervical canal. |
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Definition
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Term
| this sign occurs when there is an electric shock-like sensation and is triggered by flexing the neck forward. the areas affected are usually the arms and/or legs, although the sensations can radiate to the trunk. |
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Definition
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Term
| pt is sitting or supine. the examiner supports the head as it is slowly extended, rotated, and laterally flexed. Positive if pt is dizzy, slurred speech,or loss of consciousness. |
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Definition
| vertebral artery test (the old lady getting hair washed) |
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Term
| if this test is positive, the patient can have anterior cervical spine pathology, vertebral subluxations, osteophytes protrusion, soft tissue swelling, tumors. |
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Definition
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Term
| the scapula is protracted/flexed as if doing a push-up. the serratus anterior muscle is involved, and it is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7). WINGING is a positive sign for weakness of the serratus anterior. |
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Definition
| winging scapula/ serratus anterior |
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Term
| pt actively places hands behind the back with the thumbs as far up on the scapula as possible. testing the internal rotation function. muscles involved are the subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and teres major. |
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Definition
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Term
| pt's elbow is extended, forearm supinated and shoulder flexed to 60 degrees. the examiner resists forward flexion. positive test if pt HAS PAIN IN THE BICIPITAL GROOVE. |
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Definition
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Term
| with the elbow flexed, the patient is asked to forcefully supinate against resistance from the examiner's hand. PAIN REFERRED TO THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE SHOULDER IN THE REGION OF THE BICIPITAL GROOVE constitues a positive result. |
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Definition
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Term
| this tests for a biceps tendon rupture. pt's seated with both hands behind the head with interlocked fingers. pt contracts and relaxes biceps while provider feels the tendons. positive test= TENDON CAN'T BE PALPATED, NO BICEPS CONTRACTION NOTED. |
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Definition
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Term
| pt begins with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and the humerus resting at the side. examiner palpates the long head of the biceps and moves 3 inches distally. examiner then rolls the biceps tendon against the humerus. PAIN indicates a positive test for long head biceps tendon subluxation. |
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Definition
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Term
| the 90 degrees flexed arm on the the affected side is forcibly adducted across the chest. this is a special test for the AC joint. |
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Definition
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Term
| pt's shoulder is flexed 90 degrees adducted, internally rotated, and the elbow is extended. Pt resists downward force. test maximally loads and compresses the ACJ and superior labrum. procedure is repeated in supination. positive test is ACJ PAIN OR LABRAL TEAR WITH PAIN OR CLICKING DEEP IN THE GHJ. |
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Definition
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Term
| pt is seated or standing with the arm relaxed to the side. the examiner palpates the shoulder by placing the fingers on the anterior and posterior aspects of the humeral head. the examiner applies downward distraction force on the arm with hand placed above the elbow. (the one that Stacey can do) |
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Definition
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Term
| used to detect and grade laxity of the anterior capsular mechanism. ideally patient is supine. examiner stands facing the affected shoulder that should be held at 80-120 deg of abduction and shoulder flexion and external rotation. positive test is MOVEMENT BETWEEN FIXED SCAPULA AND THE MOVABLE JOINT. |
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Definition
| anterior and posterior drawer signs |
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Term
| testing anterior labrum/ capsule |
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Definition
| anterior apprehension sign/ test or Crank test |
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Term
| patient is standing. examiner stands behind the patient and assessed the radial pulse. examiner passively extends and abducts the arm to 30 degrees. Patient hyperextends the head and neck. positive test is DIMINISHED OR ABSENT RADIAL PULSE. positive test implications POTENTIAL THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME. |
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Definition
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Term
| tests for thoracic outlet syndrome. from a sitting position, pt is asked to hold both elbows at shoulder height and pushing shoulders back. open and close hands for several minutes. positive test= FEEL HEAVINESS AND FATIGUE IN SHOULDERS. |
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Definition
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Term
| the examiner first palpates pt's radial pulse and applies a downward traction on the pt's arm being tested. examiner then instructs pt to rotate the head to the opposite side and then extend the neck and look at the ceiling. positive test= DISAPPEARANCE OF RADIAL PULSE INDICATES THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME |
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Definition
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Term
| holding the elbow slightly bent, apply pressure to the inside of the elbow. this places the lateral ligaments under stress. pain and instability indicate damage to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) |
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Definition
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Term
| holding the elbow slightly bent, apply pressure to the OUTSIDE of the elbow. this places the medial ligaments under stress. pain and instability indicate damage to the MCL (medial collateral ligament) |
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Definition
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Term
| repeated tapping over the ulnar nerve where it passes behind and underneath the medial epicondyle may reproduce symptoms of pain and tingling indicates ulnar nerve compression or entrapment |
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Definition
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Term
| pain on the outside of the elbow when the hand is extended at the wrist against resistance. examiner applies pressure with the other hand to the dorsum of patient's fist-forcing it into flexion. positive when PAIN WHEN PRESSING JUST BELOW THE LATERAL EPICONDYLE ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE ELBOW, WHERE THE WRIST EXTENSORS ORIGINATE. |
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Definition
| Tennis elbow (Mill's test)/ lateral epicondylitis |
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Term
| the pt proates and flexes the wrist and forearm at the same time. the examiner resists in the opposite direction. a positive result is when pain is ISOLATED OVER THE ATTACHMENT OF THE WRIST FLEXOR MUSCLES ON THE INSIDE OF THE ELBOW. |
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Definition
| Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) |
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Term
| instruct the pt to abduct the thumb so that it rests in the palm of the hand. pt then instructed to wrap the fingers over the thumb in order to make a fist. examiner then stabilizes the wrist with one hand and applies a varus force to the wrist. sharp pain on the LATERAL aspect of the wrist indicates a positive test for stenosing tenosynovitis to the abductor pollicus longus and/ or the extensor pollicus brevis tendon sheath(s) |
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Definition
| finkelstein test (DeQuervain's disease) |
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Term
| examiner maintains stabilization of digits in extension except for digit being tested. stabilize the MCP joint of digit being tested. Examiner asks the pt to flex the PIP. positive test is IF HAS LOSS OF FLEXION OF THE PIP, meaning that there is rupture of the FDS tendon or tendon damage. |
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Definition
| flexor digitorum superficialis tendon test |
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Term
| examiner maintains stabilization of digits in extension except for the digit being tested. stabilize the MCP and PIP of digit being tested. ask the pt to flex the DIP. positive test is if has loss of flexion of DIP, meaning that there is rupture or tendon damage of the flexion digitorum profundis. |
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Definition
| flexor digitorum profundis test |
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Term
| evaluates the tightness of the hand's intrinsic muscles. hold the metacarpophalangeal joint in a few degrees of extension and move the proximal interphalangeal joint into flexion. if PIP can be flexed, the intrinsic muscles are NOT tight and are not limiting flexion. positive test= UNABLE TO FLEX PIP JOINTS. |
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Definition
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Term
| examiner taps lightly over the pt's transverse carpal ligament, looking for signs of paresthesia distally (median nerve affected). positive test= carpal tunnel syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| position the patient with the dorsal aspect of both hands in full contact with both wrists maximally flexed. instruct the patient to hold the position for 1 minute. tingling or numbness radiating into the fingers (especially the palmar surface) indicates a positive test for median and/or radial nerve impairment |
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Definition
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Term
| "prayer hands" testing for carpel tunnel syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| pt is instructed to hold a piece of paper between the 1st and 2nd digits by forcefully opposing those digits. the examiner then attempts to pull the paper out. an inability to hold the contraction and/or a weak contraction indicates a positive test for ulnar nerve impairment. |
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Definition
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Term
| AKA "gamekeeper's thumb" or "skier's thumb". valgus force on the MCP joint of the thumb. this stresses the ulnar collateral ligament and causes stretching or rupture of the ligament. MCP joint becomes painful and swollen, and the thumb feels weak when you pinch or grasp. you may see bruise-like discolorations on the skin around the joint. |
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Definition
| valgus stress test for ulnar collateral ligament |
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Term
| examiner instructs pt to make a fist, then assesses contour of MCP joints. if third metacarpal is level with second and fourth metacarpals, lunate dislocation is suspected. |
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Definition
| murphy's sign (lunate dislocation) |
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Term
| the examiner stabilizes pt's distal radius and ulna with one hand and grasps the pt's scaphoid bone with the thumb and index finger of the other. the examiner then attempts to translate the pt's scaphoid anteriorly and posteriorly. dislocation and/or subluxation indicates a positive test for scaphoid instability. |
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Definition
| watson clunk test (scaphoid instability) |
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Term
| this tests for collateral circulation when performing an ABG. you are mainly checking the patency and circulation of the ULNAR artery because you will be getting the ABG from the radial artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| a screening test for pathology of the hip joint or sacrum. place the pt in the supine position, flex the leg and put the foot of the tested leg on the opposite knee. slowly press down on the superior aspect of the tested knee joint lowering the leg into further abduction. the test is positive if there is pain at the hip or sacral joint, or if the leg cannot lower to the point of being parallel to the opposite leg. |
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Definition
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Term
| when the patient is standing on the affected side, the OPPOSITE hip drops. indicates weakness of the affected gluteus medius muscle, the hip abductors, or painful osteoarthritis of the hip. |
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Definition
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Term
| testing for IT band tightness. pt lies on uninvolved side, examiner abducts and extends hip to allow IT band to move posteriorly over the greater trochanter, examiner lowers leg. positive if HIP REMAINS ABDUCTED. |
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Definition
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Term
| place one hand flat on the examining table under the pt's lumbar lordosis. have the patient fully flex the hip on the side opposite the one being assessed. this will cause rotation of the pelvis and flattening of the lumbar lordosis. see if the leg being assessed is slightly elevated off the examining table. |
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Definition
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Term
| test for rectus femoris contracture. pt is prone. bend the ipsilateral knee. positive test is IPSILATERAL FLEXION OF THE PATIENT'S HIP. |
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Definition
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Term
| attempt to sublux unstable hip. infant lies supine, hips flexed to 90 degrees. stabilize the pelvis. place index and middle finger over greater trochanter. place the thumb at the inner thigh inguinal crease. gently adduct the hip while applying downward/ posterior force. positive if HIP CLUNK felt on exam. |
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Definition
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Term
| designed to detect unilateral congenital dislocations of the hip. child is supine with both knees flexed if one knee is positioned higher than the other the test is positive. |
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Definition
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