Term
what is the treatment for pathologic jaundice in newborns?x2
what is the diagnostic findings of Esophageal Atresia? x3 |
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Definition
Phototherapy
if 20-25 mg/dL consider transfusion
Esophageal air bubble on CXR
Coiling of NGT
CT or esophagram can also be used |
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Term
When is pyloric stenosis found?
What would auscultation find?
What is the Halmark feature
what is the palpable sign? |
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Definition
not commonly found at birth
within first month of life
succussion splash- shound of stomach contents slapping into pylorus
Nonbilious projectile vomiting
Olive Sign- palpable mass felt in epigstric region |
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Term
What is the BITest for Pyloric Stenosis?
What is the MATest?
and results x4 |
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Definition
Abdominal US shows thickened pyloric sphincter
upper GI series showing:
-String sign:thing column of barium leaking thru the tight muscle
Shoulder sign: filling defect in the antrum due to prolapse of the muscle
Mushroom sign: hypertrophic pylorus
Railroad sign: excess mucosa in the pyloric lumen resulting in 2 columns of barium |
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Term
| What is the treatment of pyloric stenosis? x4 |
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Definition
Replace IV fluids
Replace lost electrolytes
NGT decompress bowl
Surgical Myotomy |
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Term
what is Choanal atresia?
What is CHARGE syndrome? |
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Definition
membrane btw the nostrils and pharyngeal space
Coloboma of the eye/ CNS
Heart defects
Atresia of the Choanae
Retardation of growth/develop
Genital and or urinary defects
Ear abnormalities |
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Term
What is the presentation of Choanal atresia?
What is the confirmatory test
What is the treatment? |
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Definition
Child will turn blue when feeding and then pink when crying.
CT
Surgical intervetion |
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Term
What is a main presentation of hirschsprung disease?
What does a plan xray show? |
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Definition
do not pass meconium for over 48 hours
distended bowel loops with lack of air in the rectum /
contrast enemas will show retention of barium |
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Term
| What is VACTERL syndrome? |
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Definition
Vertebral anomalies
Anal atresia
CardioVasc anomalies
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Esophageal atresia
Renal anomalies
Limb anomalies |
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Term
What is the presentation of Duodenal atresia?
What does a CXR show?
what is the tx? |
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Definition
onset of bilious vomiting within 12 hours of birth
Double bubble
Replace fluids
NGT
Duodenostomy |
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Term
where are a majority of volvuluses occur in children?
What is the barium finding?
What is the BI treatment?
What is the definitive treatment? |
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Definition
midgut, illium
Birds beak
Endoscopic decompression
Surgical untwisting. |
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Term
What is the ass S&S of intussucsception? x3
What is the BITest and Resutls?
What is the MATest? |
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Definition
Colicky abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and CURRANT JELLY stool.
US showing doughnut sign or target sign
Barium enema (both diagnostic and theraputic |
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Term
What is the treatment for Intussusception ?
What are the CI of a Barium enema? |
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Definition
Fluid resuscitation and balancing of electrolytes
peritonitis, shock or perforation |
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Term
When presented with painless bright red blood per rectum in a male child under age of 2 what must be considered?
What is the MATest?
What is the treatment |
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Definition
Meckels diverticulum
Technetium 99m scan (Meckel scan)
Surgical removal |
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Term
What is the Diagnostic test and results of Necrotizing enterocolitis? x3
What is the treatment? x4 |
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Definition
xray: "pneumatosis intestinalis" - air withing the bowl wall
CT will reveal air in the portal vein, dialated bowel loops and pneumoperitoneum
Frank or occult blood can be seen in stool
NPO,IV fluids,
NGT bowl decompression
Surgery |
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Term
| What are some findings of an Infant of Diabetic mothers x6 |
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Definition
Macrosmonia,
Small left colon syndrome- constepation
Cardiac- assymmetric septal hypertrophy
Renal vein thromosis- bruit can be heard
Metabolic findings:
Hypoglycemia-seizures, ....
Jittery |
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Term
is a child with CAH hyper or hypo tensive?
What genital are effected boys or girls?
What is the Diagnostic test and results?
What is the treatment? |
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Definition
hypotensive
girls have ambiguous genitelia
boys are normal until puberty
DX; serum electrolytes and increased 17OH progesterone levels
Tx: Fluid and electrolyte replacement with lifelong steroids
psychiatric counseling to aid with gender identity issues |
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Term
What is the ass S&s with Croup? x4
What are the main ass bugs? x2
What are the xray findings x2 |
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Definition
Barking cough and inspiratory stridor
Coryza-symptoms of a cold
Hypoxia
Parainfluenza type 1 and 2
RSV
Steeple sign and narrowing of the air column of the trachia (rarely done in real life) |
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Term
What is the presentation of Epiglottitis?
What does physical exam show?
How is diagnosis made? and results
what is the treatment? x4 |
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Definition
"hot potato", fever, drooling in the tripod postition, refusal to lie flat
Physical exam reveals cherry red epiglottis
Intubation or Tracheostomy in OR
Ceftriaxone
Rifmapin to close contacts |
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Term
What is whooping cough from?
What are the stages? x3
What are the diagnostic tests?
What is the treatment? |
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Definition
Bordetella pertussis
Catarrhal stage: severe congestion and rhinorrhea
Paroxysmal stage: severe coughing, whoop, vomiting,
Convalescent stage decreased freq of coughing
Clinical diagnosis,
Butterfly pattern on xray
ELISA
Macrolid in catarrhal stage
Isolate and Macrolids for close contacts |
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