Term
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Definition
Breath two slow breaths over 1-1.5 seconds per breath over 5 seconds. Limit the volume of ventilation to just necessary to cause the chest to rise. DO NOT use the demand valve in the infant.
Respiratory rate 20 times/mins (1 every 3 sec)
Minimal backward tilt to neutral position with neck/chin lift
Compression point is just below nipple line at midsternum
Two fingers used with compressions with a depth of 1/2-1"
Compression rate of at least 100/min
Ratio-5 compressions/1 breath
Activate 9-1-1 after one minute of CPR |
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Term
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Definition
DO NOT use the demand valve on a small child
Repiratory rate=15-20 min (1 every 4 sec)
Compressions= 100/min
Placement= lower half of the sternum using th eheel of one hand
Depth= 1 to 1-1/2"
Ratio: 5 compressions/1 breath
Complete one min of CPR before calling 9-1-1 |
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Term
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Definition
- Appearance 0=blue, pale 1=body pink, exremities blue 2=completely pink
- Pulse 0= absent 1=below 100 2= over 100
- Grimace 0=No response 1=grimaces 3=cries
- Activity 0=limp 1=slow 2=some extremity flexion
- Respirations 0=absent 1=slow, irregular 2=good, strong cry
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Term
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Definition
| < 7 months, weight below 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) |
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Term
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Definition
| TX: perform up to 5 abdominal thrusts as you would on an adult, taking care that your hands are below the xyphiod process and the ribs. Do not blindly probe the child's mouth with your fingers. If necessary, use laryngoscope and remove foreigh object with McGill forceps. |
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Term
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Definition
| TX: Use the heel of your hand to deliver 4 back blows between the infant's shoulder blades. Then gently flip the infant over and give 4 chest thrusts as you would perform external chest compressions on an infant. Do not probe blindly for a foreign body in the mouth if you cannot see it. |
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Term
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Definition
Chest becomes hyperinflated due to inability to exhale adequately thus causing ventilation to become increasingly more difficult. The patient develops hypoxemia, hypercarbia, acidosis, and dehydration. Look for chest expansion and use of accessory muscles, LOC, appearance, breath sounds checking especially for silent chest.
- Mild=prefers to sit but will lie down
- Severe= will appear exhausted and may be able to move to a preferred position, usually leaning forward with elbows braced. LOC is that of sleepiness, stupor and coma wich are grave signs. The sleepy asthmatic is an asthmatic in trouble.
- Vital signs= As the attack worsens, the pulse increases and becomes weaker, and BP may fall. there is evidence of dehydration as evidenced by the skin and mucous membranes. Chest appearance shows repiratory excursion increased in mild, but may be absent in a severe attack.
- Breath sounds= Rales, and loud expiratory wheezes.
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Term
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Definition
A silent chest means danger.
TX: with humidified oxygen if possible, IV, epinephrine 1:1000 0.01mg/kg subcutaneous, Albuterol inhaler, EKG and transport to the hospital. |
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Term
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Definition
Affects 6 months to 4 year olds.
S/S: hoarse voice with a high-pitched stridor accompanied with a "seal bark". Whooping sound on inhalation. usually the child is sitting very still, bolt upright in bed and will not tolerate attempts to make him lie down. Edema increases, airway becomes more obstructed, the child uses accessory muscles of respiration. Classic signs of repiratory distress include= cyanosis (extreme), nasal flaring, tracheal tugging, retractions of intercostal & suprasternal muscles. Usually these S/S occur following a cold or other infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| S/S: Usually over 4 years of age with onset following a recent respiratory infection, pain with swallowing, drooling is frequent, the patient may appear to have a high fever. NEVER PLACE ANYTHING IN THE MOUTH! |
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Term
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Definition
| The history and predisposing conditions are very important. Causes: head trauma, meningitis, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, rapid elevation of body temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| TX: protect the child from injury and maintain airway, sponging the child with lukewarm water thereby reducing liklihood of another seizure. |
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Term
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Definition
| S/S: adult appears evasive about answering questions. Child may present with multiple extremity fractures, multiple bruises and abrasions especially about the trunk and buttocks, poorly nourished or cared for. Suspicious if there are old bruises in addition to the fresh ones. Rule of B's= belts, bites, breaks, bruises, brush, burns. Be aware of the child who does not cry despite their injuries or doesn't turn to his parent for comfort. |
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Term
| Epinephrine 1:10,000 Ped Dose |
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Definition
| 0.1mL/kg IVP for asystole and fine ventricular fibrillation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.01mg/kg IVP for bradycardia and some caes of asystole. |
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Term
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Definition
0.5 -1.0 mg/kg IVP for ventricular tachycardia, frequent PVC's, or recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation after countershock may be present.
TX: establish and maintain airway, high-flow O2, prepare for chest tube insertion the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line with a catheter and flutter valve, IV-LR, EKG monitor. |
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Term
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Definition
Salt water has a higher solute concentration than the plasma so the fluid is drawn out of the blood stream into the alveoli causing pulmonary edema.
Fresh water has a lower solute concentration than plasma so fluid is absorbed across the alveolar membrane into the bloodstream. Sometimes blood is diluted to the point of cardiac dysrhythima's |
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Term
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Definition
| TX: Establish and maintain airway, close the sucking chest wound immediately with any available means, preferably vasoline gauze or foil (just before sealing the wound, ask the patient to cough then immediately slap the dressing tightly in place). Apply high-flow O2, IV of LR and an EKG monitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimal accumulations of less than 300 mL of blood may cause few symptoms and probably will not be detected in the field. Increase of blood will cause dyspnea due to lung compression. With a massive hemothorax, compression of the lungs produces cyanosis, tightness in the chest and engorgement of the jugular veins. May be profoundly hypotensive because of blood loss and compression of the vena cave and heart. In such cases the patient shows signs of shock- pallor cold and clammy skin, apprehension, thirst, chills, with a weak rapid pulse. The trachea may be deviated away from the side of the hemothorax while the afected side of the chest is dull to percussion with absent breath sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by left heart failure, aspiration of irritant toxic fumes causing fluid to accumulate in the alveoli, drowning, heroin overdose and drowning. |
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Term
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Definition
causes blockage of the pulmonary artery caused by blood clots from prolonged immobilization, thrombophlebitis, some medications, fat particles released from disrupted ends of bone, birth control pills, and amniotic fluid from post partum.
S/S: Sudden onset of severe dyspnea (may be only symptom) but may have sharp chest pain, tachycardia, tachepnea, laboring to breathe, decreased BP, signs of cor pulmonade. |
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Term
| Airway Adjuncts-Types and Uses |
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Definition
Oropharyngeal Airway
Nasopharyngeal Airway (conscious patient)
Pocket Mask
Bag-valve-mask
Demand Valve |
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Term
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Definition
| No longer than 10 seconds. Pre-oxygenate patient for 3 mins before suctioning. Suction only when withdrawing the catheter. |
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Term
Endotracheal Intubation
(advantages, disadvantages, and how) |
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Definition
Advantages: Protects airway from aspiration, permits intermittent positive ventilation with 100% oxygen, provides access to tracheobonchial tree for suctioning, does not cause gastric distention, maintains a patent airway.
Disadvantages: not to be used with a conscious patient, vocal cord damage with long-term use.
Intubation: Do it in 15-20 seconds. Patient placed in the sniffing position. If unsuccessful, hyperventilate patient before further attempts. |
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Term
| Esphageal Obturator Airway |
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Definition
| Use only in deeply unconscious patients, do not use in patients under the age of 16 years, known esophageal disease, cirrhosis of the liver or who have ingested caustic substances. Never remove teh EOA from an unconscious patient until the airway is secure (intubation) or they have become conscious. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the EOA is removed regurgitation will usually occur, so intubate the patient prior to removal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not perfomed in a child or infant |
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