Term
Superficial Boundaries of Perineum:
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Definition
Anteriorly: Scrotum in Males, Mons Pubis in Females
Posteriorly: Buttocks
Laterally: Upper part of Medial Side of the thighs |
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Term
| Deep Boundaries of Perineum |
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Definition
Anteriorly : Upper part of Pubic Arch, Inferior / Arcuate Pubic Ligament
Posteriorly : Tip of the Coccyx
Laterally : Ischiopubic Rami, Ischial Tuberosity, Sacarotuberous ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains termination of Anal Canal in Median Plane, and Ischiorectal Fossa on each side |
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Term
| Anterior Urogenital Region |
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Definition
| External Urogenital Organs, Superficial Perineal Space/Pouch, Deep Perineal Space/Pouch |
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Term
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Definition
It is a Fascial Tunnel that lies in the lateral wall of Ischiorectal Fossa. It contains the cheif neurovascular bundle of perineum i.e. The pudendal nerve and the internal Pudendal Vessels
Attachments
Above : Fused with lunate Fascia
Below : Fused with Falciform Fascia
Laerally : Fused with Obturator Fascia
Medially : Fused with Perineal Fascia |
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Term
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Definition
| Interval between the Posterior Commissure and the Anus, of 2.5 of 3 cm in length |
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Term
| Cutaneous Innervation of Anal Region |
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Definition
Inferior Rectal Nerve (S2, S3, S4) supplies the skin around the anus and the ischiorectal fossa.
Perineal Branch of Fourth Sacral Nerve - supplies the skin posterior to the anus
Mnemonic-
I Rest on Pillow.
I Rest = Inferior Rectal Nerve for Ischio Rectal fosa
Pillow : Perineal Branch of fourth Sacral Nerve - supplies skin Posterior to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| A fibrofatty mass that extends from Anus to the Tip of the Coccyx. It supports the Rectum. It is permeated with Muscle Fibres derived from LEVATOR ANI and External Anal Sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
-Central point in Perineum
-Fibromuscular node
- 1.25 cm infront of Anal Margin, close to the Bulb of the penis
Recieves convergence of 10 important muscles.
2 are unpaired : External Anal Sphincter and Unstriped Muscular fibres of longitudinal muscle coat of Rectal Ampulla and Anal Canal
4 paired : Bulbospongiousus, Superficial Transverse Perenei, Deep Transverse Perenei , and Levator Ani
Importance : Supports Pelvic Organs. May be damaged in Parturition. Results in prolapse of Urinary Bladder, uterus, and ovaries and even the rectum |
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Term
| Ischiorectal Fossa : Definition, Location, Boundaries |
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Definition
It is a Wedge Shaped Space on either side of the Anal Canal below the pelvic Diaphraghm. It has a base directed downwards, towards the surface. And an Apex directed upwards.
Anteroposterior Length : 2 inches - 5 cm
Widge (side to side) : 1 inch - 2.5 cm
Depth (Vertically) 2-2.5 inches = 5 cm - 6.2 cm
Boundaries :
Base is formed by the skin.
Apex is formed by the line where Obturator Fascia meets with the inferior Fascia of the pelvic Diaphragm or Anal Fascia. The line corresponds to the Origin of Levator Ani from the lateral pelvic wall.
Anteriorly : Posterior Border of Perineal Membrane
Posteriorly : Gluteus Maximus, Sacrotuberous Ligament
Lateral Wall : Obturator Internus, Obturator Fascia, Ischial Tuberosity
Medial Wall : External Anal Sphincter with Fascia in lower part , and Levator Ani with Anal Fascia in upper part |
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Term
| Recesses of Ischiorectal Fossa |
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Definition
1- Anterior Recess : Extends forward above Urogenital Diaphragm reaching almost upto the Posterior Surface of body of pubis. It is related to Prostate or Vagina.
2. Posterior Recess is smaller than Anterior. Extends deep to Sacrotuberous ligament.
3. Horseshoe Recess : Connects the two ischioretal fossae behind the anal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains : Mons Pubis. Labia Majora. Labia Minora. Clitoris. Vestibule of Vagina and Bulb of Vestibule. Greater Vestibular glands (of Bartholin) |
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