Term
|
Definition
Cyrus the Great Tomb:
- Pre-Islamic (3000 BC - 6th Century)
- built during Achaemenid Empire (550 - 330 BC)
- made of stone and has two (2) axes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persepolis:
- Pre-Islamic (3000 BC - 6th Century)
- 1 of 3 capitals
- erected during Achaemenid Empire (550 - 330 BC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persepolis:
- high level of dynamic w/ landscape and surroundings
- predominantly stone w/ wooden roofs (roofs are no longer existing b/c wood rotted away)
- Pre-Islamic Trait: using stone to portray beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persepolis:
- architecture into and out of stone
- design is VERY integrated with nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persepolis:
- courtyards are very prominent; very thick, stone masonry walls, and overall space is porous for internal circulation throughout the structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water Temple:
- carved into stone, and VERY integrated with nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mosque:
- Islamic Period (6th - 18th Century)
- a place of prayer that is ALWAYS facing towards Meca
- has a very grand entrance, but has a simple rectangular courtyard, then a dome structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mosque:
- highly ornamented and made w/ arcades and squinches
- squares represent Earth, and circles represent Heaven (transition can be seen architecturally with a squinch) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mosque:
- use of small stained glass windows
- simple patterns are carved into strutural support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Garden:
- highly involved with symbolism (images of Heaven and Earth)
- Divine Origin of the Garden:
- pardis/ferdous (meaning "garden"): lit. "around wall" (enclosed space)
- "pardis" like paradise in English
- great use of geometry and water
- highly vegetated and has a microclimate that is cooler than surrounding area
- water is brought primarily from mountains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Landscape Element: Water -
- water is in different forms (reflected pools, fountains, etc.)
- used to connect spaces with one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Landscape Element: Water -
- most spiritual purpose of water is reflection: "Everything on Earth represents something within a higher reality."
- Water Example: 40-Column Garden (only 20 actual columns, but reflection in the water makes 40 total) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Landscape Element: Plants -
- promenade plants: give a constant representation of plantlife b/c they don't change w/ the seasons
- courtyard plants: always changing colors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Landscape Element: Plants -
- usually, very enclosed areas, and main axis is always integrated w/ both plants and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Architecture Element: Enlosure -
- space/areas are enclosed with the purpose of creating a sacred or serene space separate from outside influence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Architectural Element: Entrance -
- having a grand/elegant entrance leads one to believe, or prepares one for the spiritual/natural experience of the space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kooshk/Ivan Pavilion:
- a space in which water, plant-life, enclosure and elegant entrances have been fully integrated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Courtyard House:
- residene occurs around sunken-in courtyard
- horizontal mulitgenerational housing that is vast in size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Courtyard House:
- very close in concept to the idea of the mosque
- creation of microclimate because of enclosure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Courtyard House:
- installation of vertical elements (wind towers) that help in making a cooler microclimate
- a highly vegetated space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bazaar & Urban Fabric:
- marketplace (major component of city)
- Isfahan (7th - 18th Century)
- vast square surrounded by palaces, a mosque and a school |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bazaar & Urban Fabric: Naghsh-e-Jahan Square -
- 4 courts and a water motif
- shool, mosque, palace and bazaar are all present within this square |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bazaar & Urban Fabric: Naghsh-e-Jahan Square -
- has domes and pointed arches (greater structural support)
- marketplace/retail also present within space
- highly ceremonial entrance, and very ornamented inside of the space (squinches, pointed arches, and large domes)
- royal garden is where royal family, at one time, could relax and speak to the common people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bazaar & Urban Fabric:
- four "points" of Urban Fabric as a statement about culture:
1) Mosque: Religion
2) Shool: Science/Education
3) Palace: Power
4) Bazaar: Economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Friday Mosque at Delhi:
- Mughal India
- highly influened by Persian architecture (reference Persian architecture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatehpur Sikri:
- Mughal India (had 5 major rulers)
- third of the 5 great rulers proposed construction for theological study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatehpur Sikri:
- roughly 2 miles and surrounded by about 9 miles of stone wall
- built along NE to SW ledge of Mughal India |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatehpur Sikri: Panch Mahal -
- very porous
- supposed to be more for public use
- 4 columns clustered together for structural support throughout the space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatehpur Sikri: Diwani-Khass -
- meeting place for scholars
- massive column in center (highly ornamented)
- pierced stone throughout space (sacred ritual) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taj Mahal:
- Shah Jahal (architect and emperor of Mughal India at the time), built in memory of his deceased wife
- symbol of a bride (white interior), and love (redish interior)
- massive dome in the center
- red stone entrance pavilion
- single, central axis (promenade w/ water fountain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taj Mahal:
- on top of a Mauseleum Platform
- unusually high dome (wanted to be clearly visible from outside)
- double layered interior of dome
- both layers have the same design/ornamentation so that all may see the same thing no matter where they are
- walls and floors have and inlaid stone decoration
- has pierced stone windows (Jali Windows) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taj Mahal:
- both Shah Jahan and his wife are burried within the Taj Mahal
- the sarcophagi have inlaid stone decoration of floral designs |
|
|