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PHARM - Exam 2
Exam 2
61
Medical
Graduate
02/24/2012

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Term
Decongestant drugs with new laws
Definition

Phenylephrine (Afrin)

Pseudoephrine (Dimetapp, Sudafed, Drixoral)

Term
new laws for what decongestants?
Definition
Pseudoephedrine (dimetapp, sudafed, drixoral)
Term
strict rules with Afrin bc of ___ _____
Definition
rebound effect
Term
reduce ______ when taking decongestants
Definition
stimulants
Term
only use antihistamines for _____
Definition
allergies.
not URI, sinusitis, or colds
Term
_____ is most effective for management of allergic rhinitis
Definition
intranasal steroids
Term
what is the best expectorant?
Definition
water
Term
what is the best tx for cognitive symptoms of AD
Definition
NMDA receptor antagonist - Memantine (Namenda)
Term
tx for mild to mod AD
Definition
Aricept (cholinesterase inhibitor)
Term
Aricept, Razadyne, Exelon, Cognex
- class?
- dose?
- fxn?
Definition
- cholinesterase inhibitor
- can double if pt not responding
- do not prevent AD but can reduce symptoms for limited time**
Term
How does Namenda work?
Definition
decreases glutamate
Term
2 good drugs in combo for AD?
Definition
Namenda
Aricept
Term
pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine used for allergies is an _______ so rxns you get from cholinesterase inhibitors _____ cholinergic effect and has the _____ reactions from pseudoephrine
Definition
anticholinergic
increases
opposite
Term
goal of neurologic drug therapy
Definition
restore balance of dopamine and Ach.
drugs that enhance dopamine and inhibit Ach
Term
secondary parkinsonism
drugs like ____ & ______ whose major action is ____ of dopamine receptors may also produce parkinsonism symptoms. these drugs _______ be used with Parkinsonism pts.
Definition
phenothiazines, haloperidol
blockade
should not
Term
most effective in tx of parkinsons, especially in older pts is ____
Definition
Levodopa and Carbidopa
Term
Not as effective as Levodopa but more effective than ___ is ____
Definition
Selegiline, rasagiline
Pramipexole, ropinirole
Term
_____is less effective than levodopa but less side effects. mild/modest benefit, especially in _____, can be used in younger pts
Definition
Amantadine
tremors
Term
____ is the 1st oral drug for MS that can slow the progression of disability and reduce frequency and severity of symptoms but come at a cost of increased risk of life threatening infection
Definition
Fingolimod
Term
epilepsy drug therapy is chosen based on what 2 things
Definition
clinical symptoms
EEG pattern
Term
epileptic therapy will ___ over time to find the best anticonvulsant drug and changes in the pt
Definition
change
Term
in epilepsy, drug level monitoring is required to determine the ________
Definition
therapeutic drug levels
Term
warn all epileptics of what?
Definition
depression thoughts
Term
what is one of the oldest epileptic drugs, is best for tx tonic clonic, and can be used in kids and adults?
Definition
phenytoin
Term
what do succinimide drugs do and example
Definition
depress motor cortex and raise seizure threshold
Ethosuximide (Zarontine)
Term
what is a barbituate drug for epilepsy that has both a sedative and anticonvulsant effect?
Definition
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Term
other good drugs for epilepsy?
Definition
Valprioc Acid
Topiramate
Term
what else is topiramate used for?
Definition
migraines, psych conditions
Term
what is are some anticonvulsant drugs used to tx painful nerve conditions and some for bipolar disorder?
Definition
Carbamazepine (tegretol)
oxycarbazepine (trileptal) - new agent 1 of 2 monotherapy***
primidone (mysoline)
Term
all of the following are good for diabetic neuropathy:
____ more evidence, but more side effects
___ & ___ less sedation, dry mouth, urinary retention, etc
_____ is a 1st line choice and when combined with __ may be better than either alone
Definition
Amitriptyline
Nortiptyline, desipramine
gabapentine (neurontin), amitrityline
Term
acute otitis media at risk population
Definition
<6 yo
recent antibiotics
child with previous one
group daycare
Term
___% of AOM will spontaneously resolve
Definition
81
Term
AOM tx

if penicillin resistant?
Definition
amoxicillin

- erythromycin or trimethoprim
Term
duration of AOM therapy depends on what
Definition
pt age
disease severity
Term
antibiotic prophylaxis is _______ for otitis prone children due to ______
Definition
no longer recommended
increasing resistance
Term
what is the gold standard for strep pharyngitis dx?
Definition
throat swab and culture
Term
who should have a throat culture?
Definition
children age 4-15 w/elevated temp and sore throat as main complaint
Term
what is the least sedating antihistamine?
Definition
Allegra (fexofendine hcl)
Term
what is a popular topical nasal decongestant?
Definition
phenylephrine
Term
what is a popular intranasal steroid?
Definition
Flonase (fluticasone propionate)
Term
what is a popular non narcotic antitussive?
Definition
Tessalon Perles (benzonatate)
Term
what is a popular eye antibiotic? (2)
Definition
ciprofloxacin (quinolone)
erythromycin (macrolide)
Term
what is a popular histamine H1 blocker for the eye?
Definition
Astelin
Term
what is a popular eye mast cell stabilizer? (4)
Definition
dexamthasone
timolol
Alphagan - P
Xalatan
Term
what is a popular oral antifungal?
Definition
nystatin
chlorhexidine gluconate
Term
**** eye antibiotic (3)
used for neonates? (1)
Definition
Cirpofloxacin
sulfacetamine
erythromycin ointment (neonates!)
Term
is conjunctivitis contagious?
Definition
yes
Term
what is the most common conjunctivitis?
Definition
viral
minimal swelling, no itching, inflammation, clear discharge
one eye only
Term
allergic conjunctivitis
Definition
moderate/severe lid swelling, intense itching!, 1st line topical antihistamine
Term
bacterial conjunctivitis
Definition
moderate lid swelling, inflammation, not itching, purulent discharge!, crusting
tx: Sulfacetamine
Term
adverse cholinergic effects (5)
Definition
diarrhea
miosis
urinary urgency
diaphoresis (sweating)
nausea
Term
pilocarpine
Definition
miosis
Term
atropine
Definition
mydriasis

**can cause hallucinations in high doses!
Term
adverse effects of physostigmine
Definition
contraction of visceral smooth muscle
hypotension
miosis
bradycardia
Term
tx for nausea due to motion sickness
Definition
scopolamine
Term
adverse effects with adrenergic agonists
Definition
arrythmias
insomnia
HA
nausea
hyperactivity
tremors
Term
adverse effects with cholinergic antagonists
Definition
blurred vision
mydriasis
urinary retention
confusion
constipation
Term
first dose of alpha 1 receptor blocker may produce an ___ _____ response that can result in _____
Definition
orthostatic hypotensive
syncope
Term
adverse effects with nonselective alpha blocking agents
Definition
orthostatic HTN
tachycardia
vertigo
sexual dysfunction
Term
adverse effects from propranolol
Definition
fatigue
sexual dysfunction
bronchoconstriction
arrhythmias (upon abrupt withdrawal)
Term
Minipress
Definition
alpha blocker but lowers BP
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