Term
| What is the most addictive substance legal and illegal? |
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Definition
| Nicotine (more addictive than cocaine!) |
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Term
| What are the most commonly abused substances? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most abused illegal substance? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The self-administration of a drug in a manner that doesn’t conform to the norms within a person’s given culture of society |
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Term
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Definition
| The overwhelming compulsion that drives someone to repeat drug-taking behavior, despite serious health and social consequences |
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Term
| What is physical dependence? |
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Definition
| When the body adapts to repeated use of substance by altering normal physiology |
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Term
| What are withdrawal symptoms? |
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Definition
| Occurs after physical dependence, when there is an abrupt stop in substance use. Generally symptoms are opposite of drug’s effects (rebound effects) |
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Term
| What is genetic polymorphism? |
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Definition
| A mutation that occurs in DNA that encodes for a certain protein, so you have 2 or more versions of the same protein |
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Term
| How does polymorphism affect drug metabolism? |
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Definition
| Can cause increase or decrease in speed of drug metabolism and excretion. |
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Term
| What type of person have the majority of drug trials been performed on? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An involunatary contractions of muscles that are usually localized to a specific muscle group |
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Term
| What is the goal of therapeutic treatment for muscle spasms? |
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Definition
| To decrease discomfort, enhance mobility so pt can perform ADLs |
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Term
| What is muscle spasticity? |
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Definition
| A disorder of the CNS in which certain muscles continually receive a message to tighten and contract |
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Term
| A patient has muscle spasm in his neck related to a recent stroke. Should he receive dantrolene (Dantrium) or cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a centrally acting drug and a peripherally acting drug? |
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Definition
| A centrally acting drug acts directly on the CNS while a peripherally acting drug does not and instead acts on a specific muscle/organ |
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Term
| What is the difference between H1 receptor and H2 receptor? |
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Definition
| H1 is related to smooth muscle of vascular system, respiratory passages, digestive tract; while H2 is related to the stomach |
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Term
| What do the majority of NSAIDs inhibit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 major drug classes used for nonspecific inflammation? |
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Definition
| NSAIDs and corticosteroids |
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Term
| Name the 3 major classes of NSAIDs |
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Definition
Saclicylates
Ibufrofen
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors |
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Term
| A 12-year-old girl has flu symptoms and is grabbing some medication from the medicine cabinet. What med should she avoid and why? |
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Definition
| Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin), because children under 19 can develop Reye's Syndrome |
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Term
| Can a pregnant women in 3rd trimester take ibuprofen? |
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Definition
| No, it is Pregnancy Category X for 3rd trimester |
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Term
| Why do Aspirin and ibuprofen cause stomach problems? |
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Definition
| Because they inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, which inhibits prostaglandins, which among other things, are responsible for mucus production along the stomach lining (in order to protect lining from gastric juices); so this makes the stomach more sensitive to gastric juices |
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Term
| What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose? |
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Definition
| N-acetylcysteine (NAC) by mouth |
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Term
| What is an immunostimulant and what is it primarily used for? |
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Definition
| A drug that enhances ability of immune system to fight infection and disease. Used for cancer patients. |
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Term
| What is an immunosuppressant and what is it primarily used for? |
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Definition
| Drug that diminishes the body’s ability to fight infection and disease. Primarily used to prevent transplant rejection and dampen hyperactive immune responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are secreted by cells of immune system to help body mediate and intensify immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| They are a class of cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and other cells in response to antigen exposure |
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Term
| True or false: Prednisone is a safe and effective drug for long term use of immunosuppression. |
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Definition
| False. Prednisone, like all corticosteroids, is safe and effective short-term but can cause serious adverse effects long term |
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Term
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Definition
| When the body produces own antibodies in response to exposure |
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Term
| What is passive immunity? |
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Definition
| When preformed antibodies are transferred or donated from one person to another |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of vaccines? |
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Definition
1. Attenuated vaccine
2. Inactive vaccine
3. Toxoid vaccine
4. Recumbinant technology vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Contain microbes capable of replicating and causing disease
• Very effective at producing immunity but are risky
• Instead use attenuated organisms (made less able to cause disease through application of heat and chemicals)
• Dangerous for immunosuppressed people |
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Term
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Definition
• 2 types: whole agent (dead microbes), subunit (specific segment of microb)
• Safer than live vaccines, but need boosters |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial toxins chemically modified to be incapable of producing disease |
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Term
| Recombinant technology vaccines |
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Definition
Partial organisms or proteins generated in the laboratory
• Ex. Hep B |
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Term
| Why can't immunosuppressed people take the spray form of the influenza vaccine? |
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Definition
| Because that form contains the "live" virus |
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Term
| What is the difference between a bacterial infection and a viral infection? |
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Definition
| Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that multiply on their own, while viruses require living hosts (such as your own cells) to multiply. Antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but have no effect on viruses and you need antiviral meds. |
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Term
| Why does Benadryl make people drowsy, but it's second generation drugs don't? |
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Definition
| Benadryl crosses the blood-brain barrier, but the 2nd gen. don't. |
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Term
| What is the goal of asthma pharmacotherapy? |
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Definition
| To terminate acute bronchospasms and to prevent or reduce the frequency of asthma attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| A suspension of minute liquid droplets or fine aerosol particles suspended in a gas |
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Term
| What is the most common type of aerosol delivery device? How do most providers recommend it is used? |
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Definition
| Metered-Dose inhaler, most providers recommend that it is used with a spacer |
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Term
| What does a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) do? |
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Definition
| It delivers the medication as a fine dry powder. Because the timing of drug delivery and inhalation does not have to be coordinated, more medication is delivered to the lung with a DPI. |
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Term
| What is the class of drugs that are called rescue agents for asthma, and how do they work? |
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Definition
| Beta2-adrenergic agonists. They activate the sympathetic nervous system, which relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. |
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Term
| What class of drugs are used for bronchospasm PREVENTION? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most effective drug class for long-term control of asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should the nurse be aware of with a patient taking inhaled beclamethasone? |
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Definition
| Like all corticosteroids, the anti-inflammatory properties of beclomethasone can mask signs of infection |
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Term
| What is considered the most effective treatment for seasonal and perrenial allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
| Intranasal corticosteroids |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that increases bronchial secretions; reduces thickness of bronchial secretions. Example= guaifenesin ( Mucinex |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that directly loosens thick, viscous bronchial secretions. Example= Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). |
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Term
| What are the 3 classifications of skin disorders? |
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Definition
1. Infectious
2. Inflammatory
3. Neoplastic |
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