Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharmacology Chap. 2
Opt 212 Test 1
28
Other
Not Applicable
09/24/2007

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How does Cimetidine inhibit the metabolism of other drugs?
Definition
Cimetidine interferes with the cytochrome P-450 system
Term
Name three drugs that stimulate the hepatic metabolism of other drugs.
Definition
1. Phenobarbital
2. Oral contraceptives
3. Low doses of alcohol
Term
What is the most common method of administering ocular drugs?
Definition
Topical administration
Term
What are five types of topcial administration?
Definition
1. Drops
2. Sterile Opthalmic solution
3. Suspensions ((steroids)
4. Gels, e.g. artificial tears given at night
5. Ointment (UNG)-Bacitracin is a popular antibiotic ointment for blepharitis
Term
What are three types of intraocular injections?
Definition
1. Subconjunctival injections
2. Subtenon injections
3. Intravitreal injections
Term
How many drops are in a ml?
Definition
15-20 drops
Term
What is the normal tear layer volume?
Definition
7-10 microliters
Term
What is the maximum volume the eye can hold?
Definition
30 microliters
Term
What is the normal drop size?
Definition
50 microliters
Term
Can drugs pass through the cornea by simple diffusion?
Definition
No the cornea functions as a trilaminar permeability barrier.
Term
How does a drug get through the cornea?
Definition
The drug must have hydropbobic properties to get through the epithelium and endothelium, but the drug must also have hydrophilic properties to get through the hydrophilic stroma.
Term
Give one example of a drug administered as a gel.
Definition
Timoptic/timolol-a beta blocker for glaucoma
Term
What are three disadvantages of ointments?
Definition
1. blurred vision
2. must instill drops before instilling the ointment
3. Imprecise instillation
Term
Give an example of a drug used as an emulsion.
Definition
Cyclosporin A (Restasis)
Term
What are two advantages to drugs being administered as emulsions.
Definition
1. decreased toxicity
2. increase in therapeutic window time
Term
When would you give an intravenous injection for an eye disease?
Definition
1. If the infection gets into the orbit or into the sinuses.

e.g. orbital cellulitis or preseptal cellulitis
Term
What are three advantages of solutions and suspensions?
Definition
1. Ease of instillation
2. Alterations in visual acuity less noticeable
3. Fewer complications
Term
What are four disadvantages of using solutions and suspensions?
Definition
1. Suspensions must be resuspended each time they are used.
2. Imprecise dosing
3. May be minimized by refrigeration.
4. Trauma from applicator tip
5. Contamination of tip (from eyelashes and conjunctiva touching the tip)
Term
Name three major prostaglandin glaucoma meds.
Definition
Travatan, xalatan, lumigan
Term
Name an antibiotic without preservative.
Definition
Vigamox by Alcon
Term
Why do depression drugs have a huge volume of distribution?
Definition
They must act on the brain. Therefore they must be lipid soluble. Lipid soluble drugs have a huge volume of distribution.
Term
What is the sole determinant of the rate that a drug approaches steady state?
Definition
half life
Term
What is the loading dose in practice?
Definition
Double the first and second dose then take a normal dosage.
Term
What is the standard dose frequency for steroids?
Definition
4 times per day
Term
How often do you administer a topical drug for uveitis?
Definition
once every two hours
Term
How often do you administer drops for a corneal ulcer?
Definition
2 drops in the first five minutes and then 1 drop every ten minutes until steady state is acheived.
Term
What is the maximal response a drug can give?
Definition
Efficacy
Term
What is the amount of drug that leads to 50% efficacy?
Definition
Potency
Supporting users have an ad free experience!