Term
| What are the 2 catagories of seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the partial seizure types? 3 |
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Definition
- Simple
- Complex
- Secondarily generalized |
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Term
| What are the types of generalized seizures? 3 |
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Definition
- Tonic-clonic
- Absence
- Myoclonic |
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Term
| What is the defining characteristic of simple partial seizures? 2 |
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Definition
- No loss of consciousness
- Brief |
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Term
What is are the defining characteristics of complex partial seizures? 2
What part of the brain does complex partial seizures occur? |
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Definition
- Last longer than 2 min
- Loss of consciousness
Temporal lobe |
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Term
| What are the defining charatcteristics of secondary generalized (partial) & tonic-clonic (generalized) seizures? |
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Definition
| - Seizure symptoms as you know it |
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Term
What are the characteristics of generalized absence seizures?
When does absence seizures usually occur? |
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Definition
- Loss of awareness
- Childhood & resolved in puberty |
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Term
| What are the defining characteristics of myoclonic seizures? |
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Definition
| - Brief spasm (like when you fall asleep & think you're falling) |
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Term
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Definition
- Blockage of GABA receptors
- Activation of glutamate receptors
- Kindling |
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Term
| What part of the brain do absence seizures originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
How do antiseizure drugs work?
What type of channels do they work on? |
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Definition
By blocking Na channels (inactive & open)
- Inactive
- Open |
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Term
| What are the antiseizure drugs? 3 |
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Definition
- Phenytoin
- Carbamazepine
- Valproic acid |
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Term
How do antiseizure drugs affect absence seizures?
Where do absence seizures arise from? |
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Definition
- Block Ca channels (T type)
- Thalmus |
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Term
| What drugs are used to treat absence seizures? 2 |
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Definition
- Ethosuximide
- Valproic acid |
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Term
How is GABA activity affect receptor functions for seizures?
What does this cause?
What drugs work this way? 2 |
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Definition
Desensitizes receptors
Seizures during withdrawal
- Phenobarbitals
- Diazepam
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Term
| What are the common side effects of seizsure meds in general? 5 |
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Definition
- Sedation
- CNS disturbances
- Teratogenesis (causes birth defects)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (hypersensitivity)
- GI disturbances |
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Term
Where does zero order metabolism occur?
Where does first order metabolism occur? |
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Definition
- In the liver. Saturable
- In the kindney. Water soluble |
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Term
What is important to monitor when treating a patient w seizure meds?
Why? |
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Definition
Plasma drug levels
Theraputic & toxic range overlap |
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Term
| What are seizure meds metabolized by? |
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Definition
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Term
Pheny-to-in:
Mechanism of action?
Neruons it works on?
What type of seizures does it treat? 2
What type of seizure is it not effective in treating?
What is the injectable prodrug form?
What does it interact with?
What are the toxic effects?
What pregnancy category is it in?
What special precautions should be taken with this drug? |
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Definition
Na channel blocker
Rapidly firing neurons
- Partial
- Generalized tonic-clonic
Absence
Cerebyx
P450
- Gingival hyperplasia
- D
Serum level monitoring |
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Term
Carb-am-az-epine
Mechanism of action?
What type of seizures is this that drug of choice?
Seizures it treats?
What else can it be used to treat? 2
What is a unique toxic effect? 2 |
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Definition
Na channel blocker
Partial
- Partial
- Generalized tonic-clonic
- Trigeminal neuralgia (sensitivity of facial nerves)
- Bipolar disorder
- Idiosyncratic blood dys-cra-si-as: screws up/changes blood cell production
- SJS |
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Term
Pheno-bar-bital (Luminal)
Mechanism of action?
Seizures its used to treat?
Interactions?
Pregnancy category? |
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Definition
GABA receptor agonist
- Partial
- Generalized tonic-clonic
- P450
- D |
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Term
Etho-sux-imide (Zarontin)
Mechanism of action?
Seizures its used to treat?
Toxicity?
Pregnancy category?
What group is the target of this drug? |
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Definition
- Ca channel blocker (T-type)
Absence
- Hiccups
C
Children |
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Term
Val-pro-ic acid (Depakene/Depakote)
Seizures its used to treat? 4
When is it the first drug of choice?
What else is it used to treat?
Toxicity? 4
Pregnancy category? |
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Definition
- Absence
- Tonic-clonic
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
When patient has absence & tonic-clonic seizures
- Migrane
- Bipolar
- Weight gain
- Hepatotoxicity
- Sedation w phenobarbital
- Spina bifida
D |
|
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Term
Di-az-e-pam (Valium)
Mechanism of action?
Seizures its used to treat?
Toxicity?
Pregancy category? |
|
Definition
- GABA block
- Status epilepticus
- Sedation
- D |
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Term
| First choice drugs for partial/tonic-clonic seizures? 3 |
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Definition
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin
- Valoproate |
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Term
| Drug of choice for absence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug of choice for adults w/absence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug of choice for generalized myoclonic & atonic seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug of choice for status epilepticus? |
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Definition
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Term
How do anticonvulsants effect the rate of failure contraceptives?
How do anticonvulsants effect the rate of birth defects?
What are the 2 common birth defects associated with anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
Increases chance of pregnancy (doubles)
Doubles the chance of birth defects
- Congenital heart failure
- Neural tube defects (bc of folate) |
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Term
| What are 2 of the ways birth defects can be minimalized when taking anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
- Take folate supplements
- Take vitamin K supplements
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