Term
Aspirin:
Class?
Effects?
Mechanism of action?
What's it called wo acetyl group?
Effects? |
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Definition
- COX inhibitor
- Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxane, prostacyclin
- Binds irreversibly, noncompetitive
- Adds acetyl group to amino acid R-group to COX (B) (inhibitor)
- Salicylic acid
- Antiinflamatory
-Analgesic
-Antipyretic
-Platelet inhibiton |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Acetaminophen (Tylenol):
Class?
Mechanism of action?
Effects?
Use?
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Definition
- Non selective COX inhibitor
- COX-1&2 inhibition
- Analgesic
- Antipyretic
- (Blocks prostaglandin production in hypothalamus)
- Alternative to aspirin |
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Term
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil):
Class?
Why used?
Effects?
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Definition
- Nonselective COX inhbitor
- Lowest SE
- Less platelet effects
- Less bleeding & GI symptoms
- Similar to aspirin
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Term
Celecoxib (Celebrex):
Class?
Use? |
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Definition
- Selective COX inhibitor
- Reversible COX-2 inhibitor
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Term
Gold sodium thiomalate (Myochriysine):
Class?
Use? |
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Definition
- Gold salt
- Manage rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
Prednisone (Deltasone):
Use?
Effects?
When used? |
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Definition
- Antirheumatic
- Induces lipocortin -> inhibits phospholipase A2 & arachidonic acid
- (inhibits production of cytokines, interleukins & tumor necrosis factors)
- RA flare-ups |
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Term
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex):
Use?
Effects?
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Definition
- Antirheumatic
- Inhibits folate reductase -> ↓ folate for DNA synthesis |
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Term
Probenecid (Benemid):
Use?
Effect? |
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Definition
- Prevent gout
- Prevents tubular reabsorption |
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Term
Allopurinol (Zyloprim):
Use?
Mechanism of action? |
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Definition
- Prevent gout
- Inhibit xanthine oxidase -> blocks formation of uric acid |
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Term
Colchicine:
Use?
Mechanism of action? |
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Definition
- Treat gout
- Binds tubulin -> inhibits assembly of micro tubules & motility of inflammatory leukocytes |
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Term
What is rheumatoid arthritis caused by?
Signs/symptoms?
What immune responses are involved? |
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Definition
- Autoimmune
- Chronoic & progressive inflammation & destruction of joints in hands, wrists & feet
- Cardiopulmonary, neurological & ocular inflammation
-> Deformity, disability, death
- Humoral
- Cellular
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Term
What causes osteoarthritis?
Signs/symptoms?
Effects? |
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Definition
- Degenerative, weight bearing on joints
- Inflammation
- Thinning/destruction of cartridge layer of joints
- Bone erosion -> stiffness, pain & muscle weakness |
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Term
What causes gout?
Effects?
Where?
Signs/symptoms? |
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Definition
- Overproduction/under excretion of uric acid
- Hyperuricemia
-Formation of crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate
- Joints & renal tubules
- Joint inflammation due to mechanical irritation by urate crystals |
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Term
Site of action for rheumatoid arthritis drugs:
Glucocorticoids?
NSAIDs?
Methotrexate?
Etanercept & inflixmab? |
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Definition
- Activation of T cells
- Release of IL-2
- Activation of macrophages
- Production of autoimmune antibodies
- Activation of macrophages
- Induction of cytotoxic T cels
- Activation of B cells |
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Term
| What is the role of prostaglandins/related autocoids in pain? |
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Definition
- Sensitize sensory nerves
- Amplify pain sensations |
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Term
What is the role of prostaglandins/related autocoids in inflammation?
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Definition
- Promote inflammation by stimulation of chemotaxis (from inflammatory cells)
- Vasodilation & ↑ vascular permeability -> edema |
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Term
What is the role of prostaglandins/related autocoids in fever (above 37)?
What drug is used to treat fever?
How does it work?
NSAIDs do no produce what kind of effect on fever?
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Definition
- Alter thermoregulatory mechanism in hypothalamus -> new set point
- Fever by constriction of skin BV
- NSAIDs
- Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in hypothalamus
- Not nypothermic |
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Term
| Major effects of leukotrienes? |
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Definition
- VSM: vasoconstriction/vasodilation
- NVSM: Contraction
- Inflammation (↑ vascular permeability) |
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Term
| Major effects of prostaglandin E? |
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Definition
- VSM: Vasodilation
- Relaxation (bronchioles), contraction (uterus)
- Inhibit GI secretion |
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Term
Major effects of prostaglandin F?
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Definition
- VSM: Vasoconstriction
- NVSM: Contraction (bronchial & uterus)
- (↑ aqueous humor outflow) |
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Term
Major effects of prostaglandin I?
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Definition
- VSM: Vasodilation
- NVSM: Contraction
- Inhibition of platelet aggregation
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Term
Major effects of thromboxane A2?
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Definition
- VSM: Vasoconstrictor
- NVSM: Contraction
- Stimulate platelet aggregation |
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Term
| What is the role of COX-2 inhibitor? |
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Definition
- Anti-inflammatory w less GI toxicity
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Term
| Describe the antithrombotic effect of NSAID (aspirin): |
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Definition
- Irriversible nonselective COX 1 & 2 inhibitor
- Binds to active site (amino acid R group) of COX B |
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Term
| What is the difference between aspirin, Acetaminophen (Tylenol) & ibuprofen (Advil)? |
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Definition
- Aspirin: irreversible inhibitor of COX 1 & 2. Antiinflamatory, analgesic, antipyretic, platelet effects.
- Acetaminophen: weak COX 1 & 2 inhibition. Antipyretic, Analgesic (pain) .
- Ibuprofen: same as aspirin, less platelet effect. Less bleeding & GI symptoms. |
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Term
What are the causes of gout?
What are the signs & symptoms?
What are the 2 types?
What are the 2 therapeutic approaches aim to treat gout? |
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Definition
- Inborn uric acid metabolism dysfunction
- Urate crystals deposite in joints, ligaments, skin & kidney
- Overproduction
- Under secretion
- Treat inflammation
- Treat hyperuricemia |
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Term
| How does allpurinol work in prevention of gout? |
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Definition
| - Prevents conversion to xanthine & plasma uric acid by inhibiting xanathine oxidase |
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Term
How does probenecid, sulfinpyrazone & salicylates work in prevention of gout?
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Definition
| - Prevent tubular reabsorption |
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Term
How does diuretics & salicylates work in prevention of gout?
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Definition
| - Prevents tubular secretion |
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