Term
| The funtional unit of the kidney is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidney activates what fat soluble vitamin to help regulate calcium levels in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidneys regulate blood pressure through what system? |
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Definition
| The renin-angiotensin system (p831) |
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Term
| Kidneys regulate red blood cell production via production and secretion of what substance? |
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Definition
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Term
| The nephrons funtion by using these three basic processes. |
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Definition
| Filtration, secretion and reabsorption (p829) |
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Term
| A clinical sign of renal damage is this in the urine. |
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Definition
| Protein or blood cells (p830) |
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Term
| This adrenal hormone is released into circulation in response to high potassium levels, sympathetic stimulation or angiotensin III. |
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Definition
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Term
| As a result of aldosterone stimulation, this cation is reabsorbed into the system and potassium is lost in the filtrate of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| This hormone causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption from the distal tubules with a resultant dilute urine or increased volume. |
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Definition
| Natriuretic hormone (p830) |
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Term
| This hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to falling blood volume, sympathetic stimulation or rising sodium levels in the body. |
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Definition
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (p830) |
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Term
| Diuretics are of greatest clinical significance because of their ability to secrete this. |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs are indicated for the treatment of edema, acute pulmonary edema, liver and kidney disease, and for the treatement of hypertension. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most frequently used thiazide diuretic, often used on combination with other drugs to treat hypertension. |
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Definition
| Hydrochlorothiazide (p837) |
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Term
| Diuretcs increase excretion of this cation, and therefore water from the kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| Thiazides work in this major site of action of the nephron. |
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Definition
| Distal convoluted tubule (p838) |
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Term
| Loop diuretics work in this major site of action of the nephron. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work in this major site of action of the nephron. |
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Definition
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Term
| Potassium-sparing diuretics work in this major site of action of the nephron. |
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Definition
| Distal tubule and collecting duct (p838) |
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Term
| Osmotic diuretics work in this major site of action of the nephron. |
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Definition
| Glomerulus, tubule (p838) |
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Term
| Thiazides are considered (potent or mild) diuretics compared to loop diuretics. |
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Definition
| Mild (p383) (Loop diuretics are more potent than thiazides) |
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Term
| When thiazide diuretics are used, the urine will be slightly (acidized or alkalinized, choose one) because they block the reabsorption of bicarbonate. |
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Definition
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Term
| These diuretics are also known as high-ceiling diuretics because they cause a greater degree of diuresis than other diuretecs to. |
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Definition
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Term
| As bicarbonate and calcium are lost in the urine, this electrolyte imbalance can occur. |
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Definition
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Term
| This commonly prescribed loop diuretic (whose trade name sounds like the name of cafe in the West Hollywood neighborhood) can produce a fluid loss of up to 20 lb/day. |
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Definition
| Furosemide (Lasix) (p841 / Basix Cafe http://www.basixcafe.com/) |
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Term
| If hypokalemia develops in a patient taking a thiazide or loop diuretic, this class of diuretic is often added to the prescription. |
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Definition
| Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (p845) |
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Term
| This type of diuretic acts to pull large amounts of fluid into the urine by osmotic pull of the larger sugar molecule and are diuretics of choice in case of increased cranial pressure due to shock, drug OD or trauma. |
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Definition
| Osmotic diuretics (p846,7) |
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Term
| Urinary tract anti-infctives act to destroy bacteria either through direct antibiotic effect or through what of the urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What new UTI drug comes in a one-dose-only form? |
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Definition
| Fosfomycin (Monurol) (p853,4) |
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Term
| This urinary tract analgesic should not be taken for more than two days because of its risk for renal or hepatic toxicity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cystitis is the infalammation of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| These two BPH drugs are rated Pregnancy Category X and have no indications for women because of their androgen effects. Because of this, patients currently using either drug cannot donate blood. |
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Definition
| finasteride and dutasteride (p863) |
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Term
| The exchange of gases at the alveolar level is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The collapse of a once-expanded lung is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pneumonia comes in these three varieties: |
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Definition
| Bacterial, viral, or aspiration (p872) |
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Term
| COPD is caused by these two relatd disorders: |
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Definition
| Emphysema and chronic bronchitis (p873) |
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Term
| This OTC antitussive blocks the cough reflex. |
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Definition
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Term
| This adverse effect associated with topical decongestants occurs when nasal passages become congested as the drug wears off. |
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Definition
| Rebound congestion (p881) |
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Term
| This class of nasal decongestants has a local anti-inflammatory action but may sting, burn or cause a headache. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is the only available expectorant, should not be used for more than 1 week, and acts to thin secretions to produce a more productive cough. |
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Definition
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Term
| The mucolytic Dornase Alpha is prescribed mostly for what ailment? |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of respiration, marked by a period of apnea followed by hyperventilation, may indicate a grave prognosis in adults but may be normal in children. |
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Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration (p901) |
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Term
| A drug from this class is the drug of choice in most acute asthma cases. |
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Definition
| Inhaled beta-agonists (p901) |
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Term
| The alveolar obstruction in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in the neonate is related to the lack of this. |
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Definition
| Lipoprotein surfactant (p900) |
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Term
| Because of this class of bronchodilator's relatively narrow safety margin and because drugs in it interact with many other drugs, they are no longer considered the first choice to treat respiratory disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug found in cigarette smoke increases the metabolism of xanthines in the liver, therefore a prescribed xanthine's dose may have to be highter in smoking clients. |
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Definition
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Term
| This class of anti-asthmatic drug is oftern used concomitantly with corticosteroids. |
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Definition
| Mast Cell Stabilizers (p918) |
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Term
| This mast cell stabilizer in the form of eye drops should not be used with soft contacts - or the contacts should be removed first. |
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Definition
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Term
| This stomach secretion stimulates the stomach muscles to contract, the parietal cells to release HCl and chief cells to release pepsin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gastrin and the parasympathetic system stimulate these near the parietal cells, causing the cells to release HCl into the stomach. |
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Definition
| Histamine-2 (H2) receptors (p927) |
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Term
| In the small intestine, this substance neutralizes the acid bolus coming from the stomach. |
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Definition
| Sodium Bicarbonate (p927) |
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Term
| If fat is present in the stomach's bolus, when it moves to the small intestine, this substance is secreted from galbladder contraction. |
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Definition
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Term
| This process is used in the small intestine to expose a greater surface area of chyme to increase absorption. |
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Definition
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Term
| The large intestines secrete a large amount of this to facilitate movement of food through the GI tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| The vomiting reflex is stimulated by two centers in this part of the brain which stimulate projectile vomiting. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most nutrient absorpton occurs in this part of the GI tract. |
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Definition
| The small intestine (p928) |
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Term
| This class of GI drug blocks the release of HCl in response to gastrin. |
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Definition
| Histamine-2 (H2) Antagonists (p935) |
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Term
| This class of GI drugs neutralize acids at the chemical level. |
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Definition
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Term
| This class of GI drugs act at specific secretory surface receptors to suppress the secretion of HCl in the lumen of the stomach. |
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Definition
| Proton pump inhibitors (p935, 944) |
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Term
| This class of GI drugs coat any injured area of the stomach (like ulcers) to prevent further injury from acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| This class of GI drugs inhibit the secretion of gastrin and increase the secretion of protective mucous in the lining of the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| This H2 antagoinst is the drug of choice for patients with liver dysfuntion because it is eliminated by the kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
| Administering an antacid frequently can cause this undesired effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| This antipeptic agent should not be given with aluminum based antacids due to aluminum toxicity risks and should not be given with other antacids within 30 minutes. |
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Definition
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Term
| This laxative is used to evacuate the bowel in cases of poison ingestion as well as being uses as an anthelmintic agent (i.e. as a wormer). |
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Definition
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Term
| These actions can eliminate the need for laxatives in many situations. |
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Definition
| Eating a proper diet and getting enough exercise. (p967) |
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Term
| True or False: Ipecac syrup is recommended for accidental home poisonings. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5-HT3 Receptor Blockers are what and prevent what? |
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Definition
| Antiemetic agents, prevent nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients (p973) |
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Term
| Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists do what? |
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Definition
| Treat nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy. (p975) |
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Term
| Increased sensisitivity to the sun or this, is a common adverse reaction with many antiemetics. |
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Definition
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