Term
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Definition
| Ratio between a drug's therapeutic benefits and its toxic effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Responses other than expected clinical response that occur at normal doses |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually result from high doses or increased sensitivity to normal doses of drug |
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Term
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Definition
| Reaction of body immune system to the presence of drug molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents decreased response to a drug as result of prior experience |
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Term
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Definition
| drug is required for normal function - nerve cells require drug's presence |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual has craving for effect or response that the drug produces |
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Term
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Definition
| when two solutions are mixed together resulting in chemical deterioration of the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| an infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment of another infection, resulting in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| done before giving antibiotics to find specific organism - take 24-48 hrs for results |
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Term
1 - give meds consistently 2- watch for reactions 3 - always give with water 4 - never give with grapefruit |
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Definition
4 rules for giving antimicrobials |
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Term
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Definition
| highest serum level drawn 30 mins after dose administration |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest serum level, taken 30 mins before next dose - used to determine drug accumulation & toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| most serious allergic reaction. Can take a few seconds or up to 30 mins to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flushing, itching, feeling of warmth, hives that may progress into edema, massive facial edema is a sign of possible upper airway obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| stop med, establish airway, give benadryl, epinephrine, aminophylline, and steriods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suspect this if pt develops diarrhea or recurrent fever. May also have stomatitis and/or monilial vaginitis. |
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Term
| Management of Superinfection |
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Definition
| Stop drug or replace with another. Culture suspected area. Antibiotics may be DC'd when pt is afebrile and clinically well for 48-72 hrs |
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Term
Penicillin Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - Allergic reactions are a significant problem 2 - monitor oral mucosa for superinfection 3 - don't take with acidic fruit juices 4 - use a different contraception other than oral 5 - may cause false positive urine glucose tests |
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Term
Cephalosporins Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - significant drug reactions with alcohol, anticoagulants, NSAIDS, and probenecid 2 - Food delays absorption but doesn't prevent absorption 3 - May cause false positive urine glucose test |
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Term
Macrolide Antibiotic Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - Used to treat pts allergic to PCN, Legionnaire's disease, and mycoplasma pneumonia 2 - Not acid stable - must be enteric coated 3 - should be administered with a full glass of water on an EMPTY STOMACH |
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Term
Aminoglycoside Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - Reserved for serious/life threatening infections 2 - Poorly absorbed in intestines, Rapid absorption via IM or IV. 3 - Monitor renal function - nephrotoxic 4 - Monitor hearing - ototoxic |
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Term
Tetracycline Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - Don't give to preg women or children under 8 yrs = mottling/discolor of teeth & decr skeletal growth 2 - don't give with milk 3 - give on EMPTY STOMACH = 1 hr before meals or 2 hrs after |
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Term
Quinolones Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - given for lower resp tract, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, UTI and skin infections 2 - If renal or liver impaired = reduce dose 3 - Avoid in pts with seizure disorders |
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Term
Sulfonamides Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - Used for UTIs & pts with AIDS to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis 2 - drink 2400 cc per day 3 - Avoid sunlight, vit C, and ASA 4 - different contraceptive other than oral 5 - Notify md if fever, sore throat, mouth sores, bruising or skin rashed occur |
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Term
Antiprotozoal Agent Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - used to treat STDs & superinfections 2 - Can cause CNS toxicity |
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Term
Oxazolidinone Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - used to treat vancomycin resistant infections, MRSA, community/hospital acquired pneumonia, and complicated skin infections. 2 - IV form must be protected from light 3 - side effects = diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, HA 4 - may cause thrombocytopenia if used long time 5 - taken with/without food 6 - Avoid foods high in tyramine - aged cheese, smoked/dried meat, red wine, sauerkraut, soy sauce 7 - Inform md if taking anti-HTN, cold remedies, or decongestant |
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Term
Glucipeptide Nursing Implications |
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Definition
1 - Given IV 2 - can cause hypotension if given too quickly 3 - may cause anaphylaxis 4 - monitor BP, pulse, renal & hearing function, peak & trough, I & O 5 - teach to watch for oliguria and pink urine |
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Term
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Definition
Meperidine (Demerol) Morphine Sulfate Narcan def - relieves pain and provides a sense of euphoria by binding to opiate receptors and activating endogenous pain suppression in the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
ASA Acetaminophen Ibuprofen |
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Term
inhibits synthesis & release of prostaglandins peripherally |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits in CNS so minimal anti-inflammatory effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetaminophen Side Effects |
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Definition
1 - can cause liver damage 2 - antidote for overdose acetylcysteine (Mucomyst = prevents liver damage) 3 - Activated charcoal to reduce absorption |
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Term
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Definition
1 - Inhibits platelet aggregation. 2 - Can cause GI bleed. 3 - Can cause kidney failure/damage |
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Term
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Definition
tinnitus & decreased hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause kidney & liver damage |
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Term
| Signs of Analgesic Overdose |
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Definition
cold/clammy skin drowsiness dizziness restlessness confusion pinpoint pupils |
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Term
| When should PRN analgesics be used? |
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Definition
| before pain reaches peak intensity or before painful event occurs |
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Term
| PCA (patient controlled analgesia) pumps |
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Definition
patient has control pre-set limits to avoid overdose teach client how to use |
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Term
TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) |
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Definition
| applies electrical currents to skin areas over nerves causing release of natural endorphin and interferes with pain impulse conduction |
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Term
take 1 - 1.5 hrs to become effective |
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Definition
| Geriatric consideration when taking po meds |
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Term
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Definition
once most commonly perscribed for hypnotic and sedative effect. now replaced by benzodiazepines such as valium, dalmane, and halcion. |
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Term
| Barbiturates Side Effects |
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Definition
Lethargy Nausea & vomiting diarrhea constipation respiratory depression hypotension bradycardia thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
Phenobarbital sodium (Luminal) Secobarbital sodium (Seconal) Butabarbital sodium (Butisol) |
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Term
Barbiturate Nursing Implications |
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Definition
IV or IM are NOT compatible with anything except NS |
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