Term
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Definition
| The study of the biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of drug distribution among body compartments after a drug has entered the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage from design. |
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Term
| Explain the Pharmaceutical phase.. |
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Definition
| Dose of formulated drug, administered, disintegration of dosage form dissolution of drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| phase 2, Absortion, Distribution, metabolism , excretion |
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Term
| pharmacodynamic phase explain.. |
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Definition
| Drug-receptor interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbed through oral mucosa more rapid onset of action. |
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Term
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Definition
| gives meds directly to affected area. |
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Term
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Definition
| constant rate of drug absorption ex: patch |
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Term
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Definition
| broad term used to define any error that occurs within any phase of clinical patient care. May involve medication |
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Term
| Name the 10 rights of medication |
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Definition
1)right drug
2) dose
3) person
4) time
5) route
6) reason
7) documentation
8) assesment
9) patient education
10) refuse |
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Term
| Name steps to preparing drugs... |
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Definition
- wash hands before preparing and before giving.
- check dosage, don`t give meds you arent sure about
- Give on time
- 3 checks
- check experiation date
- Check pts bracelet and ask for allergies
- explain purpose .
- chart
- return to evaluate patient |
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Term
| Where to place sublingual tablets? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where buccal tablets place? |
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Definition
| between molar teeth on cheek |
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Term
| Ventrogluteal site is for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 main things that digoxin does? |
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Definition
1) Increases myocardial contractility
2) Change electrical conduction of the heart
3) slows heartbeat |
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Term
| What is an example of a positive inotropic drugs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increases force of contraction
reduces heart rate
decreases conduction |
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Term
| Give a point concering the therapeutic window of digoxin |
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Definition
| very small window between therapeutic and toxic |
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Term
| Low levels of what increases digoxin toxicity ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 side effects of digoxin, |
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Definition
| dysrhytmias, headaches, fatigue, colored vision, halo vision, flashes of light |
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Term
| What is digoxin immune fab |
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Definition
| for extreme toxicity,or low potassium levels, it binds to digoxin to make it normal again |
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Term
| 7 things that predispose to digoxin toxicity |
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Definition
Hypokalemia
Use of pacemaker
Hepatic dysfunction
Hypercalcemia
Dysrhyitmias
Renal disease
Advanced age |
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Term
| Digoxin does what with other medication |
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Definition
| Interacts with almost everything, so if person has other meds give at seperate times. |
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Term
| Important Nursing Considerations for digoxin ? |
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Definition
Take apical pulse for one minute to check for dysrythmias (toxicity)
Serum labs: potassium levelss, ect..
If pulse under 60 too slow if over 120 not working, hold dose notify perscriber.
Weight patient
Avoid giving with high fiber foods
2.2 lbs (1kg) in a day or moer than 2 kg in a week, notify perscriber |
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Term
| Difference between alphas and ebtas |
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Definition
| Alphas- vascular system , betas: heart and lung receptors. |
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Term
| Difference between B1 and B2 |
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Definition
B1 selective only heart
B2 lungs |
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Term
| What does cetrally acting alpha 2 agonist |
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Definition
| stimulates adrenergic receptors, and reduces renin activity in the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces BP by reducing heart rate with B1 |
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Term
| Stroke volume determines what |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the dual action alpha adn beta blockers |
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Definition
| reduction adn heart rate and vasodialiation |
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Term
| Two examples of dual action alpha adn beta |
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Definition
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Term
| what is catapres and when is it used |
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Definition
centrally acting alpha receptor agonist
used in critical care or reanamation |
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Term
| Why are adrenergic drugs not used often? |
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Definition
| High incidence of orthostatic hypotension |
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Term
| What can ACE INHIBITORS BE COMBINED WITH |
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Definition
| calcium chanell blockers or thiazide diuretic |
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Term
| Ace inhibitor mechanism of action ? |
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Definition
| Stops the enzyme conversting angiotensin 1 to 2 because 2 is a vasoconstrictor. |
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Term
| Ace inhibitors always end in what and give two examples? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ace inhibitors cause what anoying adverse effect |
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Definition
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Term
| why do we like angiotensis 2 receptor blockers |
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Definition
| because they do not cause a dry cough |
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Term
| Mechanism of action of angiotensis 2 receptor blockers |
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Definition
| angiotensis can convert from 1 to 2 but block the receptors that recieve 2. |
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Term
| Mechanism of calcium chanel blockers |
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Definition
| causes smooth musccle relaxation by blocking the binding of calcium to its receptos, preventing muscle contraction which makes blood flow easier = lower bp |
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Term
| What do diuretics do overall ? |
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Definition
| Decreases workload of heart and decreases blood presure |
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Term
| What are the most comonly used diuretics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism of vasodialators |
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Definition
| directly relaxes arteiolar and venous smooth muscle = decrease systemic vascular response, decreased afterload, and peripheral vasodilation. |
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Term
| Nipride, (sodium nitroprusside) is reserved for management of hypertensive emergency. true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| Before giving vasodialators the nurse should: |
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Definition
| head to toe assesment to check for vasucal edema, contraiditcions, not to miss a dose, keep journal of bp checks, not to stop drugs cause it can cause a rebound hypertensive crisis, encourage change of lifestyle and to change positions slowly because of hypotension, hot baths and ect can cause more vasdialation leading to fainting, mointor therapeutic effect |
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Term
| Diabetes type 1 vs diabetes type 2 |
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Definition
Type 1: lack of insulin
Type 2: insulin resistance |
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Term
| What is diabetic ketoacidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps to type 2 diabetes treatment |
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Definition
1) lifestyle changes
2) oral meds
3) insulin |
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Term
| Explain rapid acting insulin.. |
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Definition
| 10 to 15 minute onset, give right when they eat sub q, examples: novorapid, humalog |
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Term
| Explain short acting insulins... |
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Definition
Onset 30-60 minutes , give before eating,
Humulin R, Novolin ge Toronto |
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Term
| Explain intermediate acting ... |
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Definition
| cloudy appearance, 12-18 hours, onset 1-3 hours, NPH, |
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Term
| exmplain long acting insulin .. |
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Definition
| last up to 24 hours, clear, onset 90 minutes, examples: lantus, levemir. |
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Term
| When using sliding scale, at bedtime how much do you give ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glyburide: can cause hypoglycemia , secreating o beta cells of the pancreas causing increased insulin levels |
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Term
| Name an example of menlintinides: |
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Definition
| Gluconorm (repaglinide): cause hypo |
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Term
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Definition
| metformin(glucophage): decrease production of glucose not insulin secreation so does not cause hypo |
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Term
| example of thiazolidinediones: |
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Definition
| avandia-rosiglitazone: decreases insulin resistance wont cause hypo |
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Term
| When drawing up two different kinds of insulins: |
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Definition
| Clear to cloudy, regular or rapid first. |
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Term
| Bronchodialators during what? |
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Definition
| acute phase of asthma attack example: ventolin (salbutamol`) |
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Term
| Mechanism of antocholinergics: |
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Definition
| binds to ach to prevent constriction and narrowing of airways. |
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Term
| Example of anticholingergics |
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Definition
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Term
| Antileukoptrienes mechanism of action: |
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Definition
| blocking leukotrienes = prevent smooth muscle contraction example: singulair ,accolate |
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Term
| Corticosteroids mechanism of action: |
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Definition
| dont use for acute asthma attacks: this is an antiinflamatory, example: flovent |
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