Term
Absolute Theories of Time
(Chapter 9) |
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Definition
| View that time exists independently of things and would pass even if nothing was happening in the universe |
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Term
Special Theory of Relativity
(Chapter 9) |
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Definition
-Einstein's theory
-Concerns space/tikme and the claim that all of the laws of physics are equally valid in all nonaccelerated frames of reference;light has a constant speed and these have the consequences that the mass of an object increases as it approaches the speed of light and time slows in reference to other frames of reference |
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Term
General Theory of Relativity
(Chapter 9) |
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Definition
-Einstein's theory
-an extension of the special theory of realtivity to a geometric theory of gravitation with the principle that gravitational and inertial forces are equivalent |
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Term
Flow Theory of Time
(Chapter 9) |
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Definition
| View that time is in motion and that moments of time, like water in a river, flow from the varyingly distant future into the present then recede into the more and more distant past |
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Term
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Definition
| Two claims are said to be incompatible when it is not possible for both of them to be simultaneously true though they could both be simultaneously false |
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Term
Newtonian Physics
(Chapter 9) |
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Definition
| Typically having to do with the theories of motion and universal graviation described by Isaac Newton |
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Term
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Definition
| When two apparently justified beliefs are seen to be incompatible or inconsistent |
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Term
Relational Theories of Time
(Chapter 9) |
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Definition
| The view that time could not exist independently of the existence of changing things and thus time should be conceived of as a kind of dimension of changing things |
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Term
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Definition
| Generated from the special theory of relativity in which twins are no longer the same age. The different ages of twins results from one twin traveling away from earth at a highly accelerated speed. Since this accelerated and thus different reference frame, according to theory, will have time slow in relationship to the reference frame on earth, the traveling twin will age slower than the earth twin |
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Term
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Definition
| The view that sufficient of persuasive evidence has not been given to atheism |
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Term
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Definition
| The view that sufficient or persuasive evidence has been given to believe that God does not exist |
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Term
Law of Inertia
(Chapter 10) |
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Definition
| An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force and a body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of study within metaphysics forcused primarily upon the nature of being and existence |
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Term
Ontological Argument
(Chapter 10) |
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Definition
| An argument that appears to prove God's existence based upon our idea of God |
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Term
Principle of Sufficient
(Chapter 10) |
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Definition
| Also called: principle of universal explanation |
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Term
Principle of Universal Explanation
(Chapter 10) |
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Definition
| The claim that for every positive fact of existence there is some, at least one, explanation for its existence |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief in a God or many gods or that God is everything (pantheism) |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic study of the nature and existence of God or gods |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder of the nervous system characterized either by mild episodic loss of attention or sleepiness or by severe convulsions with loss of consciousness |
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Term
Ethical Test in Mysticism
(Chapter 11) |
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Definition
| A test that determines the validity of a person's mystical experiences by whether they make the person a morally better person |
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Term
Extrovertive Mystical Experiences
(Chapter 11) |
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Definition
| A sense of the world around one being transfigured and transformed giving the individual the experience of all distinctions becoming one |
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Term
Introvertive Mystical Experiences
(Chapter 11) |
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Definition
| A sense of one entering into "the deepest and darkest part of oneself, detaching oneslef from one's ordinary state of consciousness." |
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Term
Mystical Experience
(Chapter 11) |
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Definition
| An enraptured and indescribable state of union with a higher reality or with God |
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Term
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Definition
| A tradition which focuses upon the study of and/or the having of a unique experience called a mystical experience |
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Term
Principle of credulity
(Chapter 11) |
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Definition
| the view that mystical experiences should be taken at their face value when we have no positive reason to doubt them |
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Term
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Definition
| A proposition or truth claim held to be self-evidently true and so neither requiring nor capable of proof |
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Term
Contingent Truths
(Chapter 12) |
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Definition
| Truth claims that we are descried by some philosophers as being true in a particular context or dependent upon at least one world but not all worlds. Thus, if it is a contingent truth that there is an apple on my desk, it is contingent since there are other circumstances or worlds where it is false that there is an apple on my desk |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that all of our ideas come from experience and that no belief about any matter of fact can be known independently of experience |
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Term
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Definition
| The mathematical study of the properties and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids |
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Term
Innate Ideas
(Chapter 12) |
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Definition
| The actual having or the disposition to aquire ideas or concepts such as being, substance, duration, and even God in some cases |
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Term
Law of Inertia
(Chapter 12) |
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Definition
| According to Galileo and Newton, a nautral law describing hte fact that an object at rest will remain at rest, while an object in motion will remain in motion |
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Term
Necessary Truths
(Chapter 12) |
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Definition
| Truth claims that are described by some philosophers as being universally true, or true in all possible worlds |
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Term
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Definition
| A blief or set of beliefs or propositions that are offered in support of the truth of claim of another belief or proposition. Also the act of giving reasons to believe |
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Term
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Definition
| A quality or attribute of a thing or substance that cannot exist independent of some substance. Example: color and beauty |
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Term
Pure Reasoning
(Chapter 12) |
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Definition
| As used in this episode, it means to think or understand independent of sensory experience |
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Term
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Definition
| The view that the mind has "innate" ideas or powers and that by means of this knowledge, matters of fact or reality can be had independent of sensory input |
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Term
Tabulara Rasa
(Chapter 12) |
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Definition
| Literally, "the blank tablet;" philosophically, a description most often associated with empricists' views of the "empty" or "blank" mind prior to experience furnishing the mind with impressions or ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| Propositions or truth claims that are typically deduced using logical rules from a set or anxioms or first principles |
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Term
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Definition
| A general and/or abstract proposition used to explain a sest of phenomena or to give an account of a confirmed hypothesis |
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